INFLUENCE OF THE GIBBERELIC ACID ON THE GERMINATION OF THE SEEDS OF OLIVE-TREE Olea europea L.

Olea europea L. is a typical tree of the Mediterranean area where are concentrated 98% of the plantations and 90% of the world olive-growing production [6]. In Algeria, Olea europea L, arboricole species most significant following the surface occupies [14], which is 2,3% of the total surface of Algeria. Algerian oleiculture is divided into 3 zones: West, center and East. For his multiplication we used at olive- tree, two types of methods: in first the traditional methods (woody layering, division of the stocks, grafting) thus the vegetative way which is practised there or olivetree cultivates in an extensive way being intended for auto consumption and in second by modern methods carried out in seedbeds (layer herbaceous, sowing, grafting, culture in vitro) which is delicate but of prospect [6,8,9]. The modern methods of obtention of the improved plants and a good quality envisages utilisation of the cores to the reproduction. Out the cores of olive tree are reached by the phenomenon of dormancy, phenomenon which prevents obtention of the good results to the multiplication, reason for which the study of different the concentration from Gibberelic acid (GA3) on germination from the seeds of olive-tree, Chemlal variety, answered in Algeria was started. The results obtained are encouraging and deserve to be used in practice

PRESANTATION OF A FAST TECHNICS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CHROMOSOMIC CHART OF A VEGETABLE SPECIES

The caryologic technics aim to determine the level of polyploidy of a population or a species. The information brought for the knowledge of the chromosomal number of a species, is of various nature. Thus for several years the caryology has made it possible to better understand the taxonomy of a species, its tendencies evolutionary, its geographical distribution and the phenomena of its speciation [16]. Any time the chromosomal number, although being able to characterize a plant or a group of plants is not a character constant.It can vary inside a group, tribe, family or kind, and within same species[12,15,16]. The technics of identification of the most known chromosomes are: traditional technics based on the histological cut, the Technics of Feulgen which has like action to colour in purple red the DNA chromosomal [6,7,8] and technics of bands or mechanisms that it brings into play are related to the physicochemical properties of the chromatin and the condensed form of the chromosomes. To highlight the chromosomes of a species we observed somatic mitosis carried out bolsters of young roots. The principal stages of the technics has to follow are: the pretreatment, fixing, storage, the hydrolysis, colouring, the assembly and observation. All this work was completed on young roots of Solanum sodomeum L. or the number of the chromosome is still questioned

Types of the Fiber Glass-Mat on Fatigue Characteristic of Composite Materials at Constant Fiber Volume Fraction: Experimental Determination

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the type of fiber glass mat on fatigue behavior of composite material which is manufactured from polyester and E-glass (woven roving, chopped strand mat (CSM)) as a laminate with a constant fiber volume fraction (VF) of 33%. The results showed that the laminates reinforced with E-glass (woven roving) [0/90, ±45.0/90] and [0/90, CSM, 0/90] have lower fatigue strength than the laminates reinforced with E-glass [0/90]3,[CSM]3 and [CSM, 0/90, CSM] although they had different tensile strength; the best laminate was [0/90]3

THE ANALYSIS OF BIFURCATION SOLUTIONS OF THE CAMASSA–HOLM EQUATION BY ANGULAR SINGULARITIES

This paper studies bifurcation solutions of the Camassa – Holm equation by using the local Lyapunov – Schmidt method. The Camassa–Holm equation is studied by reduction to an ODE. We find the key function that corresponds to the functional related to this equation and defined on a new domain. The bifurcation analysis of the key function is investigated by the angular singularities. We find the parametric equation of the bifurcation set (caustic) with its geometric description. Also, the bifurcation spreading of the critical points is found

Characterization of AA 6061–Alloy Composites Reinforced by Al2O3 Nano Particles Obtained by Stir Casting

The aim of this work is generated a Nano materials having good mechanical properties for 6061AA-alloy.Fivewt% of Nano particles (Al2O3) (20-30nm grain size) were adoptees (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3wt% AL2O3).The Nano composites were manufactured by stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of Nano composites were obtained at room temperature and was found that the matrix hardness is improved by 35.36%, matrix ultimate by107%, yield by36.84% and ductility by 12% at 1.5wt% AL2O3.Also it was obtained that all the mechanical properties of the Nano composites are higher than that of metal matrix. The above improvements are due to less porosity, high uniform distribution and good bounding between metal matrix and Al2O3

Effect of Phenobarbitone Treatment Against Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) Toxicity in Sheep

The effect of phenobarbitone against signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity was studied in 26 male crossbred sheep. Grazing on signal grass significantly decreased the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, viz. aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline-4-hydroxylase, UDP- glucuronyltransferase and glutathione-S-transferase in liver and kidneys of affected sheep. Oral administration of phenobarbitone (30 mg/kg body weight) for five consecutive days before grazing on B. decumbens pasture, and thereafter, for three consecutive days every two weeks, resulted in significant increases in hepatic and renal activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes. The induction of drug metabolizing activity in sheep grazing on signal grass group was found to be lower than in animals given phenobarbitone alone. Induction by phenobarbitone provided a degree of protection against the toxic effects of B. decumbens as indicated by the delay in the appearance of signs of toxicity. Furthermore, these were much milder compared to those in the sheep not treated with phenobarbitone. The present study suggests that phenobarbitone-type cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme-induction may increase resistance against signal grass (B. decumbens) toxicity in sheep

Antimycobacterial potential of green synthesized silver nano particles from selected Himalayan flora

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a persistent threat to human life and a challenge to global public health. The pathogen’s antibioticresistance has become a serious problem, prompting the development of nanotechnology-based medicines to prevent multidrug resistance in microorganisms. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), using leaves extracts of Achillea millefolium, Artemisia campestris and Hedera nepalensis to analyze their antimycobacterial potential. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticlesnwere harvested and characterized through UV visible spectroscopy,nField Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FESEM analysis showed, that selected plant-based silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a diameter ranging from 50 nm to 80 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that constitute elements of silver nanoparticles are Ag, C, O, Cl and Ca. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial potential against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At a concentration of 50 μL Hedera nepalensis exhibited the highest growth inhibition at 97.33%, followed by Artemisia at 95%, whereas the percentage growth inhibition of Achillea millefolium at 50 μL concentration was 72.33% as compared to the Rifampicin (RIF) i.e., 40%. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed visible growth inhibition in both experimental and controlled cultures. Hedra nepalensis and Artemisia campestris showed promising potential to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria populations, indicating their potential for the development of novel nanomedicine to treat tuberculosis effectively

Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Bangladesh

Irrigated farming / Poverty / Irrigation management / Water resource management / Policy / Planning / Institutions / Organizations / Local government / Non-governmental organizations / Legislation / Water users / Participatory management / Public sector / Water allocation / Cost recovery / Households / Income / Expenditure / Irrigation canals / Bangladesh