The Deepest Supernova Search is Realized in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey has not only provided the deepest optical and near infrared views of universe, but has enabled a search for the most distant supernovae to z~2.2. We have found four supernovae by searching spans of integrations of the Ultra Deep Field and the Ultra Deep Field Parallels taken with the Hubble Space Telescope paired with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Multi Object Spectrometer. Interestingly, none of these supernovae were at z>1.4, despite the substantially increased sensitivity per unit area to such objects over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. We present the optical photometric data for the four supernovae. We also show that the low frequency of Type Ia supernovae observed at z>1.4 is statistically consistent with current estimates of the global star formation history combined with the non-trivial assembly time of SN Ia progenitors.Comment: 24 pages (6 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journa

Comparative study of modified Stoppa approach and ilioinguinal approach for pelviacetabular fractures

Background: The present study was done to study advantages and disadvantages of modified Stoppa approach (MSA) and ilioinguinal approach (IIA) for surgery of pelviacetabular fractures involving anterior column, anterior wall, quadrilateral plate with protrusion and complex fractures, pelvic ring fractures with pubic diastasis or sacroiliac joint disruptions which needs to be stabilized anteriorly.Methods: Study was conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad on patients with pelviacetabular fractures during June 2018 to March 2020. In our study of 25 patients, they were divided into group A containing 13 patients operated using MSA and group B containing 12 patients operated using IIA. Follow up period was 12-18 months (mean=15) and 12-16 months (mean=14) for group A and B, respectively. Patients assessed using modified Merle d’Aubigné score and Matta’s score.Results: Mean modified Merle d’Aubigné score was 16 and 14 for group A and B, respectively (p value=0.89). Mean blood loss and operative time were less in MSA. Superficial infection was found in one patient each of group A and B whereas one patient developed deep infection in group B. One patient each of both group had hip pain suggestive of early arthrosis. In group B, two patients developed meralgia paresthetica. One patient developed external iliac artery thrombosis and inguinal hernia in group B. one patient from group A developed incisional hernia.Conclusions: MSA was better and simpler than IIA with due adequate training and practice to achieve direct access for pelviacetabular fracture reduction and also it requires less operative time, less blood loss and better postoperative outcome.

Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Think Pair Share Dengan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Di SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh

Model pembelajaran merupakan rancangan dasar bagi seorang guru tentang cara melaksanakan pembelajaran secara bertanggung jawab. Penggunaan model pembelajaran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan partisipasi siswa selama pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar menjadi optimal. Adapun beberapa model pembelajaran yang bisa digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran ialah model pembelajaran think pair share dan group investigation yang dapat melatih siswa meningkatkan kerjasama dalam kelompok, dan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menyampaikan pendapat. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran group investigation dalam mata pelajaran geografi di SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar geografi yang menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran group investigation dalam mata pelajaran geografi di SMA Negeri 12 Banda Aceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-IS yang berjumlah 91 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling, diambil hanya dua kelas yakni kelas X-IS 2 sebanyak 19 siswa dan kelas X-IS 4 sebanyak 18 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa pemberian test kepada siswa, yakni pre-test dan post-test. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji t. Hasil pengolahan data penelitian diperoleh thitung = 6,94 dan ttabel = 1,69 padataraf signifikansi 5% dengan peluang 0,95 dan dk = 35, artinya thitung > ttabel sehingga Ha diterima. Simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah hasil belajar geografi pokok bahasan mitigasi dan adaptasi penanggulangan bencana alam yang menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hasil belajar yang menggunakan model pembelajaran group investigation dalam mata pelajaran geogarafi di SMA Negeri 12 Banda Ace

Persepsi Masyarakat Batang Terhadap Festival Anggaran Pemerintah Kabupaten Batang (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kecamatan Batang)

. Regional autonomy in Indonesia is the right, authority and obligation of autonomous regions to regulate their own affairs and interests, Including in the preparation of Local Government Budgets becomes the authority for local government. However, the existence of such authority also provides opportunities for irregularities in regional budgeting that can threaten the realization of good governance therefore, in the budgeting process it is necessary to apply principles of transparency, accountability and participation. Budget Festival Government of Batang Regency is one effort to realize the principle of good governance. Therefore, this research tries to find out the perception of society to the implementation of Budget Festival activity and also the benefit of the activity.Samples taken in the research were 100 respondents spread in Batang, Regency Of Batang, Central Java. Samples were drawn using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by questionnaire, observation and interview. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques.The results show that 58% of respondents interpreter the Budget Festival as a means of providing information on the use of Local Government Budget, and by 22% interpreted the Budget Festival as a vehicle for participation, 8% of respondents rate as an activity to increase the popularity of Batang regency, 4% rate as a regular event and 8% respondent do not know the meaning of the activity. From the research results also known that the Budget Festival can increase public knowledge of local government budget, increase community participation and prevent the occurrence of irregularities

An appraisal of farmers internet use for sourcing agricultural information in North-Western Nigeria

This paper examined the level of farmers awareness and experiences in use of the Internet for sourcing agricultural information by farmers in the north-western Nigeria who are also privileged to have Internet services and cafes’ available in their communities.The study adopted survey method using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection.The population sampled for the survey was farmers who as well leave in both semi-urban and rural areas of Kaduna and Kano State of the North West agro-ecological Zone, of Nigeria.A total of one hundred (100) farmers were randomly selected using purposive sampling technics to form the sample size.Findings revealed that farmers lack awareness for using the Internet as an alternative means of getting Agricultural Information easily even with the shortage of extension agents.The study further identifies the farmer’s constraints in using the internet for information to low awareness, low access and lack skills.The study thus, recommended that agricultural agencies and other stakeholders in Nigeria should embark on advocacy and awareness campaign to farmer’s cooperative societies/groups on the uses of Internet for sourcing agricultural information

Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Fisika Antara Model Gi Dengan Stad Melalui Metode Eksperimen

This study has a purpose to know: 1) The differences in physics learning outcomes of students’ through cooperative learning GI (Group Investigation) and STAD (Student Teams Achievement of Division) with experimental method. 2) The higher average study result between cooperative learning GI and STAD with experimental method. This study used a quasi experimental design. The instrument to collect data was a test, which consists of 10 questions for 70 students. The results showed: a) There are differences in the study result of students through cooperative learning GI and STAD with experimental method, b)The average study result, which uses cooperative learning GI is more higher than STAD.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) perbedaan hasil belajar fisika siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GI (Group Investigation) dan STAD (Students Teams Achievement Of Division) dengan metode eksperimen. 2) rata-rata hasil belajar yang lebih baik melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GI dan STAD dengan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi eksperimental design. Alat pengumpul data berupa tes soal sebanyak 10 soal kepada 70 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; a) ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GI dan STAD dengan metode eksperimen, b) rata-rata hasil belajar yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GI lebih tinggi dibandingkan STAD

Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC) Durability Modeling; An Overview and Preliminary Analysis

A study outlining a fracture mechanics based model that is being developed to investigate crack growth and spallation of environmental barrier coating (EBC) under thermal cycling conditions is presented. A description of the current plan and a model to estimate thermal residual stresses in the coating and preliminary fracture mechanics concepts for studying crack growth in the coating are also discussed. A road map for modeling life and durability of the EBC and the results of FEA model(s) developed for predicting thermal residual stresses and the cracking behavior of the coating are generated and described. Further initial assessment and preliminary results showed that developing a comprehensive EBC life prediction model incorporating EBC cracking, degradation and spalling mechanism under stress and temperature gradients typically seen in turbine components is difficult. This is basically due to mismatch in thermal expansion difference between sub-layers of EBC as well as between EBC and substrate, diffusion of moisture and oxygen though the coating, and densification of the coating during operating conditions as well as due to foreign object damage, the EBC can also crack and spall from the substrate causing oxidation and recession and reducing the design life of the EBC coated substrate