STRATEGI ADAPTASI NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN KELUARGA DI KELURAHAN GURAPING KECAMATAN OBA UTARA KOTA TIDORE KEPULAUAN PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

This research was conducted to determine the form of adaptation strategy of traditional fishermen in meeting the needs of families in the Guraping area and to find out how the inhibiting factors and supporting factors of fishermen in meeting family needs in Guraping Village, North Oba District, Tidore Islands City. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of traditional fishermen in meeting the needs of families and to determine the inhibiting factors and supporting factors of traditional fishermen in meeting the needs of families in Guraping Village, North Oba Subdistrict, Tidore Islands City. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive type. Data collection is done by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. This research approach uses the sociology approach. Data processing and analysis techniques go through three stages: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.The results showed that the strategies of traditional fishermen in meeting family needs are: 1) Strategies undertaken by traditional fishermen in meeting the needs of families besides working as fishermen, fishermen in Kelurahan Guraping also work as farmers, construction workers, the role of family members or by pressing expenses to meet the needs of his family. 2) The inhibiting factors of traditional fishermen in meeting family needs are: Climate change, marketing of catches that are still weak, the range of traditional fishermen sailing, and types of fishing gear. Supporting factors of traditional fishermen in meeting family needs are: (Without Fuel) Traditional fishermen in the Kelurahan of the sea do not need to use fuel so the money that was used to be used for fuel is diverted to help meet family needs, increasing fishermen's income

Penyingkiran boron daripada larutan akuas menggunakan penjerap komposit berasaskan karbon-mineral (Boron removal from aqueous solutions using composite adsorbent based on carbon-mineral)

Penyingkiran boron dalam larutan akuas secara penjerapan telah dikaji dengan menggunakan penjerap komposit yang menggabungkan zeolit, batu kapur, karbon teraktif dan buangan arang sekam padi. Parameter optimum seperti pH, masa sentuhan optimum dan dos bahan penjerap dikaji. Kajian isoterma penjerapan dan kinetik penjerapan turut dijalankan. Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan penyingkiran boron paling optimum berlaku pada pH5 dan masa sentuhan optimum ialah pada minit ke 120. Dos optimum bagi penyingkiran boron dalam larutan akuas ialah pada dos 280 g/L dan penyingkiran yang dapat dilakukan ialah sebanyak 50.49%. Dalam kajian isoterma, model isoterma Langmuir dan Freundlich telah diaplikasikan dan hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa kajian isoterma penjerapan adalah mematuhi model isoterma Langmuir (R2 = 0.8792). Nilai kapasiti penjerapan maksimum (qm) yang diperoleh daripada model isoterma Langmuir adalah 1.8985 mg/g. Kajian kinetik penjerapan dijalankan untuk mengetahui mekanisme proses penjerapan dan hasil kajian menunjukkan kadar kinetik bagi penjerapan boron ini adalah mematuhi model kinetik tertib kedua. Pekali korelasi yang diperoleh untuk model kinetik tertib kedua ini adalah 0.9929. Ini mencadangkan bahawa kinetik penjerapan boron adalah dipengaruhi oleh proses kimia

Optimization of Cobalt Nanoparticles for Biogas Enhancement from Green Algae Using Response Surface Methodology

Organic matter may be converted to energy through various methods, but the most preferable one is the Anaerobic Digestion (AD), specifically for biogas production. In sustainable bioenergy production, it can undoubtedly be called one of the most widely used methods from the various feedstock. Over the past years, algae waste has become an increasingly acute environmental problem but luckily it can be used as feedstock to produce bioenergy. In order to improve the energy productivity of green algae, this study is focused on the introduction of cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (NPs) in the AD process. The concentration of Co NPs was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Mesophilic temperature range (25–45 °C), initial pH (5–9) and Co NPs dosage (0.5–2 mg/L) were selected as the independent variables for RSM. The results indicated that at optimized values (Co NPs concentration = 1 mg/L, initial pH = 7, and digestion temperature = 35 °C) produced the highest biogas yield of 298 ml. An experiment was carried out at optimized conditions to explore the effect on biogas production. The results showed that Co NPs had a positive influence on biogas yield. The low concentrations achieved higher biogas production as compared to higher ones. A maximum biogas yield of 678 mL is achieved by Co NPs (1 mg/L). AD performance was further evaluated by the modified Gompertz model. Different kinetic parameters were calculated. The values of the performance indicators confirmed that the mathematical model fitted well with experimental data

New branched Porolithon species (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, and Lord Howe Island

Porolithon is one of the most ecologically important genera of tropical and subtropical crustose (non-geniculate) coralline algae growing abundantly along the shallow margins of coral reefs and functioning to cement reef frameworks. Thalli of branched, fruticose Porolithon specimens from the Indo-Pacific Ocean traditionally have been called P. gardineri, while massive, columnar forms have been called P. craspedium. Sequence comparisons of the rbcL gene both from type specimens of P. gardineri and P. craspedium and from field-collected specimens demonstrate that neither species is present in east Australia and instead resolve into four unique genetic lineages. Porolithon howensis sp. nov. forms columnar protuberances and loosely attached margins and occurs predominantly at Lord Howe Island; P. lobulatum sp. nov. has fruticose to clavate forms and free margins that are lobed and occurs in the Coral Sea and on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR); P. parvulum sp. nov. has short (<2 cm), unbranched protuberances and attached margins and is restricted to the central and southern GBR; and P. pinnaculum sp. nov. has a mountain-like, columnar morphology and occurs on oceanic Coral Sea reefs. A rbcL gene sequence of the isotype of P. castellum demonstrates it is a different species from other columnar species. In addition to the diagnostic rbcL and psbA marker sequences, the four new species may be distinguished by a combination of features including thallus growth form, margin shape (attached or unattached), and medullary system (coaxial or plumose). Porolithon species, because of their ecological importance and sensitivity to ocean acidification, need urgent documentation of their taxonomic diversity

Identification and quantification of quercetin, a major constituent of Artocarpus altilis by targeting related genes of apoptosis and cell cycle: in vitro cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma cell lines

Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in Artocarpus altilia fruit. One of the main compounds was quercetin, which is the major class of flavonoids has been identified and quantified in pulp part of A. altilis fruit of methanol extract. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic assay. Inhibitory concentration 50% concentration was determined using trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation were studied by flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related regulatory genes were assessed by RT-qPCR study of the methanol extract of pulp part on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell line. A significant increase of cells at G2/M phases was detected (P<0.05). Furthermore, the pulp of the fruit downregulated the expression of antiapoptosis gene BCL-2 and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptosis gene BAX. CASPASE3 was also activated by the fruit, which started a CASPASE-3-depended mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis. As the results, the pulp was the most active in terms of all tests, due to high amount of quercetin in pulp part, 78% of total flavonoids. Taken together, these findings suggested that A. altilis induces apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway by releasing and upregulating CYTOCHROME C expression and regulates the expression of downstream apoptotic components, including BCL-2 and BAX

Settlement cue selectivity by larvae of the destructive crown-of-thorns starfish

Population irruptions of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) cause extensive degradation of coral reefs, threatening the structure and function of these important ecosystems. For population irruptions to initiate and spread, large numbers of planktonic larvae have to successfully transition into their benthic life-history stage (i.e. settlement), whereby larval behaviour and the presence of settlement cues may shape spatial patterns of recruitment and adult densities. Our results demonstrate that a wide range of coralline algae species induce COTS larvae to settle; however, the capacity to promote settlement success varied manyfold among algal species, ranging from greater than 90% in Melyvonnea cf. madagascariensis to less than 2% in Lithophyllum cf. kotschyanum and two Porolithon species at 24 h. Because many coralline algae species that promote high settlement success are prevalent in shallow reef habitats, our findings challenge the hypothesis that COTS larvae predominantly settle in deep water. Considering both larval behaviour and algal ecology, this study highlights the ecological significance of coralline algae communities in driving recruitment patterns of COTS. More specifically, the local abundance of highly inductive coralline algae (especially, Melyvonnea cf. madagascariensis) may explain some of the marked spatial heterogeneity of COTS populations and the incidence of population irruptions

Hyperandrogenism and Its Possible Effects on Endometrial Receptivity: A Review

Endometrial receptivity is a state of the endometrium defined by its readiness for embryo implantation. When the receptivity of the endometrium is impaired due to hyperandrogenism or androgen excess, this condition can lead to pregnancy loss or infertility. Hyperandrogenism encompasses a wide range of clinical manifestations, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic hirsutism, hirsutism and hyperandrogaenemia, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN), ovarian or adrenal androgensecreting neoplasms, Cushing’s syndrome, and hyperprolactinaemia. Recurrent miscarriages have been shown to be closely related to elevated testosterone levels, which alter the endometrial milieu so that it is less favourable for embryo implantation. There are mechanisms for endometrial receptivity that are affected by excess androgen. The HOXA gene, aVβ3 integrin, CDK signalling pathway, MECA-79, and MAGEA-11 were the genes and proteins affect endometrial receptivity in the presence of a hyperandrogenic state. In this review, we would like to explore the other manifestations of androgen excess focusing on causes other than PCOS and learn possible mechanisms of endometrial receptivity behind androgen excess leading to pregnancy loss or infertilit

Integrasi kaedah geospatial dan pemodelan hidrodinamik untuk mengkaji impakkenaikan aras laut terhadap kawasan pantai

Kawasan pesisir pantai merupakan kawasan yang sangat terdedah dan sensitif kepada pelbagai ancaman terutamanya hakisan dan limpahan yang boleh menyebabkan impak negatif kepada kesejahteraan hidup manusia, persekitaran dan ekosistem. Kawasan pesisir pantai di Batu Pahat, Johor sangat terdedah kepada masalah banjir akibat fenomena air pasang dan sebahagian kawasan pantai lain dikategorikan sebagai kawasan hakisan pantai kritikal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti impak kenaikan aras laut terhadap komuniti pesisir pantai di Batu Pahat. Dengan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS dan MIKE21, kawasan banjir yang berlaku terhadap penempatan komuniti di pesisir pantai Batu Pahat dapat dikenal pasti dan meramalkan impak masa hadapan. Melalui hasil kajian, kawasan pantai di Batu Pahat mengalami kejadian hakisan pantai yang aktif dan jumlah kadar kehilangan tanah di kawasan tersebut sebanyak 415.7 hektar berbanding dengan kadar pemendapan yang hanya mendapat kira-kira 68.52 hektar. Hasil peta-peta risiko inundasi bagi kenaikan aras laut menunjukkan anggaran seramai 50 hingga 1145 populasi daripada jumlah penduduk seramai 28420 orang akan menerima impak kesan dari kenaikan aras laut pada tahun 2013, 2020 dan 2040. Selain itu, daripada 33 batang jalan raya di kawasan kajian, hanya 1 kawasan akan menghadapi kesan kenaikan aras laut pada tahun 2020 dan 2040. Justeru itu, peta risiko inundasi yang disediakan bagi pantai Batu Pahat amatlah berguna untuk mencegah hakisan pantai dan mengurangkan bencana masa depan

Mapping the field of microbial fuel cell: a quantitative literature review (1970–2020)

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has received much attention in the last decade as a promising technology to simultaneously generate electricity and decontaminate wastewater. This study aims to quantitatively review the published literature on MFC, published in the period of 1970–2020, based on the Web of Science (WoS) database. For the first time in literature, a comprehensive quantitative review of MFC has been conducted by employing the technique of bibliometric and content analyses. A total of 11,397 publications have been retrieved from WoS, out of which 81.6% are research articles. The evaluation in the field of MFC has been mapped in various categories, such as publication history, publication distribution, subject category distribution, leading journals, leading countries and leading organizations in MFC research. Additionally, content analysis has been conducted to unearth the research trends in MFC; and some hot research topics in MFC have been spotted. Results depict that the period 2011–2020 has been the most appreciating era for MFC research, as it contributed 87% of the total publications. Among the subject categories, energy fuel and microbiology lead with contributions of 26.5% for each, butthe overall growth of the energy fuel category in the last decade has been the highest. Out of 1,147 journals publishing MFC research, Bioresource Technology is the leading one; and countries like China, USA and India are the main hub of MFC research with 26.47%, 16.95% and 7.69% contributions in publications, respectively. The hottest topics in MFC research are nanoparticles, catalysts, air electrodes, graphene electrodes, power enhancement, air cathode and nitrogen removal. Moreover, major research areas are engineering, energy fuels and biotechnology with each contribution 26.5% of the total publications