A study of the relationship between apo E genotypes and transitions of HDL subfractions in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus type 2, and the effect of various anticoagulants on lipoprotein levels.

A total of 114 type 2 diabetic subjects who attended the Diabetes Clinic in Hospital USM were selected for this study. Fasting venous blood was obtained from each patient and was analysed. The Chemical Pathology Laboratory performed Lipid Profile including Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (:G), LD~ Cholesterol. (LD~C), an~ HDL Cholesterol (HDLC). The Endocrinology Laboratory perfonned Diabetes Profile Including Fasting Plasma Glucose ((FPG) and hemoglobin AlC (A1C). More than two thirds (71 %) subjects had hig~ TC (~ ?·2 mmol/L); 90% had high LDLC (~ 2.6 mmol/L; 81% had low HDLC (< 1.55 mmol/L); and 42Yo had high TG (~ 1.71 mmol/L). The most common pattern of ~yslipidaemia ~as mixed hyperl.ipidaemia (37%),. ~allowed ?Y .hyperch?lesterolemia (34%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (5%). Glycaemic control and ethnictty were significantly Important determinants of elevated TC, LDLC, and TG. Gender influenced TC. Body Mass Index (BMI) influenced TG. The conclusion of.this study i~ tha~ hyperlipidae~ia is prevalent, es~e~ially h~ercholesterolaemia, and is a major problem In ~e 2 diabetics. Gly~a~mtc con~ol and .ethntcity were Important determinants of diabetic dyslipidaemia. Age, gender, ethntctty, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking, family history of diabetes, dan AlC do not affect HDLC

Pembangunan kaedah mengfenotip dan penentukuran apolipoprotein E

Apolipoprotein E phenotyping studies were performed on 17 samples from blood donors and selected subjects. One unit of plasma of 150- 270 ml were collected from each subject. VLDL (very law density lipoproteins) were separated from plasma by ultracentrifugation. VLOL obtained (10% plasma volume) were delipidated to remove lipid components and only proteins remained. Protein electrophoresis by isoelectric focussing technique performed in a pH gradient of 4.0-6.5 resulted in 10 protein bands after staining with Coammassie Brilliant Blue. Bands were road by eye without scanning. The apolipoprotetn E phenotyping results obtained were: E4/3(59%), E3/2(12%), E3/3(18%), E2/2(12%). Two apolipaprotein E phenotypes not seen were E4/4 and E4/2. Two E413 cases were deficient in apolipoprotein A-l: one was ambiguous as to whether it was E4/3 or E4/2. One E3l2 case was deficient in apolipoprotein E, A-1, dan C-11. Three cases of E3/3 were deficient in apolipoprctein A-1 and one of them was also deficient for both A-1 and C-ll. Apolipoprotein E levels was low for one case of E3/2 one case of E3/3 and one case of E2/2. Continued research in this field has been expanded to include apolipoprotein E genotyping studies and to further accommodate other plasma proteins of clinical interest

An Enhanced Electronic Health Community With Knowledge-Based E-Mail And Agent-Based Knowledge Search And Sharing.

Electronic health communities have the potential to go beyond providing basic communication-type services such as online chat and discussion group, health directories and specialised portals for healthcare practitioners

Mengenalpasti fenotip apolipoprorein E dengan menggunakan teknik fokus isoelektrik bagi kes-kes hiperlipidemia di Kelantan

Patients plasma samples (n=250) were screened for cholesterol and triglyceride content by enzymatic analyses performed on an automated chemistry analyzer using standard kits. Lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed on thin slab or pre-casted tube gels.Unrelated plasma were selected (n=24) and studied using both gel methods. One subject with a possible apolipoprotein E-2/2 phenotype was detected by the slab gel method. Another 11 subjects with unusual lipoprotein banding patterns and possible altered apolipoprotein E phenotypes were detected by the tube gel method. VLDL were isolated by a micromethod developed on an ultracentrifuge. Apolipoprotein E phenotype was confirmed by flat bed isoelectrtc focussing (IEF) of delipidated VLDL proteins on commercial and homemade IEF gels

Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype variation on the risk of premature ischaemic heart disease

Apolipoprotein E is expressed by 3 allelic genes, £2, £3 and £4, on Chromosome 19. ApoE isoforms are distinguished by residues at positions 112 and 158. We analysed blood from 83 first year medical students for: Total cholesterol and triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC, ApoA-1 and B levels. For ApoE genotypes, DNA were extracted from huffy coat amplified by PCR, restricted by endonuclease, electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and visualised by ethidium bromide staining. The genotypes obtained were: E-3/3(64%), E-4/3(27%), E-3/2(5%), and E-4/2(4%), and gene frequencies were: £2(0.04), e3(0.80), £4(0.16). The E-3/3 genotype contributed to hypercholesterolemia, low HDLC, high LDLC high ApoB. The E-4/2 genotype gave the opposite effect of E-3/3. The E-4/3 genotype exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, low LDLC and low ApoB. The E-3/2 genotype manifested normotriglyceridemia, high HDLC, low ApoA-I and low AlB ratio. We conclude that the E-3/3 genotype had the highest risk for premature heart disease. Those with the other genotypes (E-4/3, E-4/2 and E-3/2) had lower risk of premature heart disease

Metadiscourse in the academic writing of local and international students at a university in Malaysia

This study examines the use of metadiscourse markers among 50 Malaysian and 50 Arab Pre-University students. The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference in the use of metadiscourse markers between Malaysian and Arab Pre-University students {χ2 (1, n = 100) = 7.17, p-value is .007} where the use of metadiscourse markers among Malaysian Pre-University students was substantially higher than that of the Arab Pre-University students. In the use of interactive markers, the results showed significant differences between Malaysian and Arab Pre-University students in the use of transitions, evidential and code glosses. Additionally, in the use of interactional markers, Malaysian and Arab students differed in their use of hedges, engagement markers and self-mentions. These variances in the frequency and forms of metadiscourse markers utilized by the students could be attributed to the diverse cultural backgrounds of the two groups of students. It is therefore suggested that English language teachers integrate and incorporate cultural elements in their lessons with regard to metadiscourse markers

A carbon dots based fluorescence sensing for the determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Sensing founded on fluorescence quenching involving carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the determination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 has been explored. CDs act as the fluorophore, while AuNPs as the quencher. Target oligos have been utilized to establish distance between CDs and AuNPs nanoparticles in close proximity. At excitation/emission wavelength of 340 nm/450 nm, respectively, the net CDs fluorescence quenching increased proportionally with increasing viscosity of the target oligos. A linear correlation was found between the fluorescence quenching of CDs and the logarithm concentration of target oligos in the series of 0.01–200 nM (slope = 675.6, R2 = 0.992) with the detection limit (LOD) of 1.03 ± 3.54 nM. The proposed method was utilized for verification of selectivity and specificity towards different oligonucleotide sequence and bacteria strain with satisfactory results

Cytotoxic Aaptamines from Malaysian Aaptos aaptos

In a preliminary screen, Aaptos aaptos showed significant cytotoxic activity towards a panel of cell lines and was thus subjected to bioassay-guided isolation of the bioactive constituents. In addition to the known aaptamine, two new derivatives of the alkaloid were isolated from the bioactive chloroform fraction of the crude methanolic extract. Detailed analysis by NMR and mass spectroscopy enabled their identification to be 3-(phenethylamino)demethyl(oxy)aaptamine and 3-(isopentylamino)demethyl(oxy) aaptamine. The cytotoxic activities of the three alkaloids were further evaluated against CEM-SS cells