SUBCONSCIOUS MIND: A PERSPECTIVE FROM AQIDAH, SHARICA, AND TASAWWUF

Purpose of the study: Subconscious mind training course has become a phenomenon nowadays. The technique is claimed to be effective and it is made a testimonial to attract more individuals to learn this method. This study aims to examine whether the concept of the subconscious mind and its practices comply with Islamic teachings or otherwise. Methodology: The methodology applied is purely qualitative as it involves crossover studies such as Sharica, caqidah, tasawwuf, Islamic medicine practice, and psychology. The data gained were analysed by using induction and deductive approaches. The comparison method was also used to test the similarities and differences between the subconscious mind and Islamic approaches. Main Findings: Results from this study showed that the subconscious mind concept is not a really accurate approach to personality changes. It can be seen from four points: (1) the turning point of the changes; (2) the mechanism of changes; (3) the factor of changes; and (4) the conditions of changes. Applications of this study: The results of this study will help the authorities to assess and determine the rules relating to the use of the subconscious mind concept and its techniques. This study also will enhance the quality of the service of religious authorities in addressing contemporary issues that require deep research. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings of the study show that the concept of the subconscious mind is not totally complied to the Islamic teachings. Hence, a Muslim should choose a better approach as shown in Islam

Low Leakage Current by Solution Processed PTAA-ZnO Transparent Hybrid Hetero-Junction Device

In this work solution processed novel poly-triarylamine (PTAA) organic p-type active layer on inorganic n-ZnO device transparency and electrical properties are investigated under illumination. Low cost organic-inorganic transparent hybrid hetero-junction (HHJ) is a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic applications. Greater band gap organic material window layer while inorganic material’s higher thermal stability as HHJ is suitable for detection and photovoltaic applications. However, hetero-interface defects associated leakage current is the key issue of undermining large-area device electrical performance. Hetero-interface defect associated carriers optical absorption limits transparency whereas leakage current density is reliant on physical property and band barrier effect. It is demanded to investigate hetero-device physical stuff and band barrier effect on electrical properties. Novel PTAA is deposited on RF-sputtered inorganic n-ZnO/ITO/glass substrate by spin-coating method. 100 and 60 nm PTAA thin films are deposited with 1,000 and 2,000 revolution per minute (rpm) growth sequence, respectively. PTAA as a transparent p-emitter is shown to absorb incident light beyond visible band, thereby it has promoted excitonic effect. Device I−V characterization carried out at different annealing temperatures and applied voltage. Suitable annealing condition leakage current is shown to reduce nearly 10-4A/cm2 and at higher applied field the greater rectifying I(+)/I(-) ratio is realized. Grain size is shown to increase with annealing effect however; leakage current is remained almost independent of grain size

Effect of annealing temperature on electrical properties of hybrid ZnO/PTAA based heterojunction diode

A hybrid type heterojunction diode based on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Poly(triarylamine)(PTAA) thin films is fabricated using radio frequency and spin coating method. These are conducted in ambient condition. This research is done to investigate the effects of temperature on Schottky properties of ZnO/PTAA diode. PTAA is chemically dissolved in chloroform solution and deposited onto ZnO thin film at different spin rate of 1000 RPM and 2000 RPM. The fabricated diode is then annealed for 20 mins at a temperature ranging from 100 °C to 150 °C and surface morphological of fabricated diodes is observed using advance material microscope (HIROX). Investigation of current-voltage (I-V) is carried out in various bias voltage from -4.0 V to 4.0 V using Keithley 4-point prob. Investigation revealed that, diode show rectifying behaviour towards the increasing in annealing temperature. The highest ideality factor obtain is 1.62 at 120°C for 1000 RPM with barrier height of 0.745 eV and series resistance of 2.645 KΩ. The barrier height of diodes increases gradually with increasing in temperature while ideality factor decreases. Meanwhile, series resistance decreases significantly over increasing temperature from 4.28 KΩ to 0.412 KΩ for 1000 RPM and 4.166 KΩ to 0.063 KΩ for 2000 RPM. It clearly reveals that the temperature is highly correlated with the ideality factor of the device thus effecting the barrier height and series resistance in the devic

Electrical Simulation for Different Thickness Ratio of PCBM and PTAA in Bilayer Organic Solar Cells

In organic solar cells, it is regularly observed that different thickness of active layer result in different competency of the device due to its behaviour of charge transportation and charge collection in such volume morphology of active layer. In this paper, heterojunction device based on poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) and [6,6]-phenyl- C61 –butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as active layer had been electrically characterized using general –purpose photovoltaic device model (GPVDM) software. A thickness ratio: 50:50, 100:50,150:50, and 250:50 nm of PTAA to PCBM and vice versa for PCBM to PTAA were evaluated in this simulation. This simulation displays a pattern of current-voltage (I-V) and current density-voltage (J-V) at different thickness for PTAA/PCBM heterojunction bilayer solar cells. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) for each different thickness active layer device was also presented as well. The highest achievable efficiency, 9.283 % was observed at thickness ratio of 250: 50 nm (PTAA to PCBM) under light intensity of 10 mW/cm2

The shaping of an ibadah friendly hospital : learnings from the bimaristan of the evergreen past and the practicality of today’s demands

The history of medicine and the healing environment we promote today in healthcare design is not a new phenomenon. It has been a continuous effort through centuries by caregivers that recognizes environment as contributing factors to human wellbeing with or without scientific evidences, to provide appropriate environment under their care. It is an intuitive, honest and sincere consideration that reflects the caring environment of people of that day based on their faith and not on any gains. Today, with advance medical technology and the circumstantial demand of healthcare services and industry, hospitals begin to mushroom seemingly beautiful but without the soul. Why is this so? Although the answer to the question lies on the basic intention or niyah, the transparent process of implementation, clear design outcomes that support the functions and finally the acceptance of the people-users and caregivers, the live on-going experiment on a teaching hospital for International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), as an Ibadah Friendly Hospital, will hopefully be the testament to this enquiry. This paper thus intends to share the findings on what makes the hospital with a soul or Ibadah friendly. Ibadah means to do good deeds and actions for Allah's blessings only. It is a spiritual connotation and fundamental way of life for those who submit to Islam. For the purpose of this design based paper, a vivid description on the initial conception of the hospital project for IIUM, based from learning of the bimaristan, the shariah or Islamic law and industry experiences were extracted. Through qualitative approach of literature reviews, observations, discussions, workshops, interviews and meetings from all parties (user-client of academic background, and the contractors (with design consultants)) team under the Private Public Partnership (PPP) procurement system, findings made through project briefing, design development to current development stage prior construction were consolidated. As a design based paper, exclusions to details irrelevant in the discussion is intentional. Though preliminary as the hospital is yet to be built, in the spirit of Ibadah, the findings made should be shared and discuss in the shaping of a hospital of the future, with a soul. Wallahualam

Islam dalam persembahan dikir Al-Burdah oleh pertubuhan badan kesenian dan kebudayaan Kampung Sessang, Sarawak

Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada tanggapan umum yang menganggap bahawa Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak merupakan satu kegiatan seni persembahan yang berkaitan dengan Islam. Tanggapan ini terkandung dalam tulisan-tulisan awal yang rata-rata mengaitkan Dikir Al-Burdah dengan tradisi al-Qasidah al-Mimiyah oleh al-Busiri@al-Busairi, iaitu seorang ulama tasawuf di Mesir. Perkataan “burdah” itu juga turut dikaitkan dengan Rasulullah s.a.w. Tidak kurang penting ialah fokus tulisan-tulisan awal yang lebih membicarakan soal sejarah, latar belakang, bentuk serta fungsi persembahan Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak. Kecenderungan ini mengundang satu penelitian terhadap Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak khususnya soal kaitannya dengan Islam, selain mencatatkan kegiatan semasa Dikir Al-Burdah di Kampung Sessang, Sarawak. Justeru, kajian ini diusahakan untuk merealisasikan tiga objektif, iaitu mencatatkan kegiatan semasa Dikir Al-Burdah di Kampung Sessang, menganalisis lirik Dikir Al-Burdah menurut kerangka Formalisme, dan merumuskan soal perkaitan antara Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak dengan Islam. Kajian ini mengguna pakai pendekatan kualitatif, khususnya kaedah wawancara dan kaedah analisis isi kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati kegiatan persembahan Dikir Al-Burdah di Kampung Sessang, Sarawak pada masa kini dijalankan secara aktif oleh Pertubuhan Badan Kesenian dan Kebudayaan yang ditubuhkan pada 2010. Pertubuhan ini turut mempersembahkan lagu dalam bahasa Melayu yang dinukilkan sendiri oleh ahli pertubuhan tersebut, antaranya bertajuk “Zikir Al-Burdah” dan “Pemimpin”. Analisis mendapati bahawa lirik lagu “Zikir Al-Burdah” mengutarakan mesej tentang kemuliaan para rasul, manakala lirik lagu “Pemimpin” mengutarakan mesej tentang peri pentingnya kepemimpinan yang adil. Kedua-dua mesej ini didapati sejajar dengan ajaran Islam

Seni persembahan Dikir Al-Burdah oleh Pertubuhan An-Nur, Kampung Melango Baru, Saratok, Sarawak

Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada pengamatan terhadap korpus ilmiah yang cenderung mengaitkan Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak dengan Islam. Dalam konteks perkaitan ini, kajian ini turut mendapati bahawa kegiatan Dikir Al-Burdah yang dijalankan di Kampung Melango Baru, Daerah Saratok, Sarawak sehingga kini dan sepanjang yang diketahui, masih belum lagi diteliti serta dicatatkan secara ilmiah. Dengan latar belakang ini, kajian ini diusahakan bagi merealisasikan tiga objektif. Pertama, mencatatkan perkembangan semasa dalam kegiatan Dikir Al-Burdah di Kampung Melango Baru, Daerah Saratok, Sarawak. Kedua, menganalisis tema dalam lirik lagu Dikir Al-Burdah. Ketiga, merumuskan soal kesejajaran antara Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak dengan Islam. Kajian ini mengguna pakai pendekatan kualitatif secara khusus iaitu kaedah wawancara dan kaedah analisis isi kandungan. Pengamatan mendapati bahawa kegiatan Dikir Al-Burdah di Kampung Melango Baru, Daerah Saratok, Sarawak yang pada masa kini giat dijalankan oleh Pertubuhan An-Nur. Analisis mendapati bahawa lirik lagu Dikir Al-Burdah yang dikaji menggarap tema kewajiban solat dan tema taubat. Kedua-dua tema ini didapati seiring dengan ajaran Islam sebagaimana yang terkandung dalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadis. Dengan dapatan-dapatan ini, kajian ini merumuskan bahawa seni persembahan Dikir Al-Burdah di Sarawak yang dikaji menyerlahkan ciri-ciri keislaman

Kisah percintaan dan penggemblengan watak dan perwatakan dalam novel popular Adam dan Hawa karya Aisya Sofea

Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada pemahaman umum bahawa kisah percintaan sering dijadikan sebagai tema utama dalam novel-novel popular. Kebanyakan penyajian kisah percintaan dalam novel popular ini dikatakan menggembleng watak dan perwatakan yang ada dengan cara yang amat ketara. Bersandarkan tanggapan umum ini, artikel ini meneliti novel Adam dan Hawa (2013) iaitu sebuah novel popular karya Aisya Sofea yang diterbitkan oleh Alaf 21 Sdn. Bhd. Bagi mencapai matlamat kajian, analisa terhadap aspek watak dan perwatakan, dan seterusnya rumusan terhadap fungsi aspek watak dan perwatakan dalam pembikinan naratif novel telah dijalankan. Hasil daripada analisis mendapati bahawa pembikinan naratif novel Adam dan Hawa telah menggembleng sepenuhnya aspek watak dan perwatakan dengan merealisasikan tiga strategi, iaitu pembinaan watak dengan perwatakan yang kondusif, pembinaan watak dengan perwatakan yang saling bertentangan, dan olahan perwatakan watak-watak secara drastik. Melalui dapatandapatan ini, kajian ini merumuskan bahawa penggemblengan aspek watak dan perwatakan dalam novel Adam dan Hawa berfungsi membangunkan sebuah kisah percintaan

Serological detection of anti-leptospira antibodies among animal caretakers, dogs and cats housed in animal shelters in Peninsular Malaysia

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp. and it has emerged as one of the major public health issues worldwide. Despite extensive studies, information regarding leptospirosis in animal shelters in Malaysia is still scarce. The aim of this study was to determine anti-Leptospira antibodies and the most common circulating serogroups among humans and animals in animal shelters in west and south parts of Peninsular Malaysia. Blood samples were obtained from 58 humans, 127 dogs, and 47 cats, that were recruited from two shelters. All humans and dogs appeared healthy, except few cats showed clinical signs of mild feline upper respiratory disease. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies against 20 pathogenic serovars. Based on the cut-off antibody titre ≥ 1:100, the sero-detection of Leptospira spp. in human, dogs, and cats were as 8.62%, 20.47%, and 14.89%, respectively. Serogroup Bataviae was found in human, dogs and cats, whereas Bataviae, Javanica, and Ballum were the common serogroups among dogs and cats. Anti-Leptospira antibodies titres were in the range from 1:100 to 1:200 in human and 1:100 to 1:400 in sheltered animals. Sero-detection studies of anti-Leptospira antibodies in shelters environment worldwide and regionally is necessary to increase the public health awareness and to understand the risk of this zoonotic disease. Furthermore, data regarding the predominant serogroups is needed in a local setting for further vaccination development studies. More studies are warranted to investigate the role of sheltered animals in leptospiral transmission in its environment

Dihidroksistearinska kiselina (DHSA) visokog prinosa temeljena na kinetičkom modelu iz epoksidiranog palmina ulja

In recent years, studies related to the epoxidation of fatty acids have garnered much interest due to the rising demand for eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. From the epoxidation reaction, there is a side reaction involving epoxide and water. This reaction produces a by-product – dihydroxystearic acid (C18H36O4, DHSA). DHSA is one of the chemical precursors in the production of cosmetic products. Therefore, a kinetic model was developed to determine the optimised epoxidation process and concentration of DHSA, where each of the reactions was identified. The kinetic rate, k parameters obtained were: k11 = 6.6442, k12 = 11.0185, k21 = 0.1026 for epoxidation palm oleic acid, and k41 = 0.0021, k51 = 0.0142 in degradation process. The minimum error of the simulation was 0.0937. In addition, DHSA yield optimisation was done through Taguchi method, and the optimum conditions obtained were H2O2/oleic acid – OA unsaturation molar ratio 1 : 1 (level 2), formic acid – FA/OA unsaturation molar ratio 0.5 : 1 (level 1), temperature 35 °C (level 1), and agitation speed 100 rpm (level 1). A high yield of DHSA can be achieved under these conditions. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Posljednjih godina studije povezane s epoksidacijom masnih kiselina izazvale su veliko zanimanje zbog sve veće potražnje za ekološki prihvatljivim epoksidima dobivenim iz biljnih ulja. Iz reakcije epoksidacije dolazi do nuspojave koja uključuje epoksid i vodu. Tom reakcijom nastaje nusproizvod – dihidroksistearinska kiselina (C18H36O4, DHSA). DHSA jedan je od kemijskih prekursora u proizvodnji kozmetičkih proizvoda. Stoga je razvijen kinetički model za određivanje optimiranog procesa epoksidacije i koncentracije DHSA, gdje je identificirana svaka od reakcija. Dobiveni parametri kinetičke brzine, k bili su: k11 = 6,6442, k12 = 11,0185, k21 = 0,1026 za epoksidacijsku palmino-oleinsku kiselinu i k41 = 0,0021, k51 = 0,0142 u procesu razgradnje. Minimalna pogreška simulacije bila je 0,0937. Uz to, optimizacija prinosa DHSA provedena je Taguchijevom metodom, a dobiveni optimalni uvjeti su molarni omjer nezasićenja H2O2/oleinske kiseline – OA 1 : 1 (razina 2), molarni omjer nezasićenja mravlje kiseline – FA/OA 0,5 : 1 (razina 1), temperatura 35 °C (razina 1) i brzina miješanja 100 o min–1 (razina 1). Pod tim se uvjetima može postići visok prinos DHSA. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna