The applications of ultrasonic sensor

Ultrasonic sensor usually used for distance measurement and obstacles detection. This sensor is low cost and suitable for range up to few metres for distance measurement applications. However, this sensor has limitations which are wide beam width and sensitivity to the mirror – like surfaces. Despite the disadvantages, there are several applications of these sensors such as wireless obstacle detection, collision control and avoidance, distance measurement and smart parking system. Each of the applications has difference approaches suggested by the researchers. Baharuddin M et al. proposed that in order to give a reliable distance measurement, both infrared and ultrasonic sensors are used together [1]. This paper discussed about four applications of ultrasonic sensors in details which are wireless obstacle detection, collision control and avoidance, distance measurement and smart parking system

Psychometric evaluation of the Malay version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-BM)

Background: This study examines the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Montgomery-Ǻsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-BM). Methods: A total of 150 participants with (n = 50) and without depression (n = 100) completed the self-rated version of the Montgomery-Ǻsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S), the Malay versions of the MADRS-BM, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-M), the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-M). Results: With respect to dimensionality of the MADRS-BM, we obtained one factor solution. With respect to reliability, we found that internal consistency was satisfactory. The scale demonstrated excellent parallel form reliability. The one-week test-retest reliability was good. With respect to validity, positive correlations between the MADRS-BM, BDI-II-M, and the GHQ and negative correlation between the MADRS-BM and SHAPS-M provide initial evidence of MADRS-BM’s concurrent validity. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, and marital status, individuals with depression significantly reported higher MADRS-BM scores than did individuals without depression. Hence, there is additional evidence for concurrent validity of the MADRS-BM. Cut-off score of 4 distinguished individuals with depression from individuals without depression with a sensitivity of 78 % and a specificity of 86 %. Conclusions: The MADRS-BM demonstrated promising psychometric properties in terms of dimensionality, reliability, and validity that generally justifies its use in routine clinical practice in Malaysia