Functional electrical stimulation system and profile for walking

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) helps to restore muscle function for dropped foot correction in patients having neurological disorders such as cerebro-vascular accident or stroke, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury by stimulating the tibialis anterior muscle or common peroneal nerve. As the result of stimulation, the patients are able to lift their foot during the swing phase of their walking. The stimulator is triggered by the sensor namely the footswitch that detects foot contact and un-contact with the ground during walkin

Characterization of electroplated permalloy film on microstructure for Bio-MEMS application

Thick films (approximately 120microns) of microstructure permalloy were electrodeposited by a direct DC electroplating process for 3 hours. The bath contained mixed baths of sulfate and chloride, a buffer and a stress reducing agents. The bath pH was 3.3 . The voltage and current value were controlled to get the desired thickness in uniform of permalloy coatings. The permalloy is deposited on microchannel with dimension of 80µm x 4500µm x 1840µm. A negative photoresist of AZ125nXT was used to pattern the microchannel by photolithography process. These electrodeposition of Ni-Fe magnetic films can be utilized to induce live cells manipulation such as separation of blood cells, proteins, etc for Bio-MEMS application. Therefore, the characterization study is important to be understand. Here, we studied the effect of electroplating time to produce thick film of permalloy on the surface morphology, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-Ray. The thickness film increased due to the long period of plating time with plating rate 0.55 µm/min with ration of permalloy produced 86.08:13.92 wt% of nickel-iron

Capacitive electrode sensor: design and testing

This paper proposed an alternative method of measuring water level using a Printed Circuit Board(PCB). The design of the electrode water level sensor went through circuit sketching, printing of sketch on PCB and etching. The signal conditioning circuit board was fabricated using a donut board and other electrical components. Experimentation was carried on the fabricated electrode sensor and the capacitance and current for each electrode finger was measured using digital multimeter and LCR meter. The multiple correlation of the water level, measured current and measured capacitance produced a value of 0.921 with P-values less than 0.05 showing the strength of the data obtained from the test conducted. The electrode water level sensor has proven to be consistent and reliable under normal working condition

Acquisition of a very low voltage and a low frequency biomedical signal- frequency selective filter design

In this paper we present a review on the frequency content and voltage level in biomedical signals beside showing how extraction of chosen features and parameters from these signals, are important for many medical diagnostic applications. A 4th order band-pass filter using high and low-pass Sallen Key active filters are proposed, and the values of passive component for different biomedical filters have been provided. The circuits are simulated and the frequency response is shown. The power spectrum density (PSD) of an EMG signals is presented where it becomes clear that the PSD graph can provide the value of the bandwidth for the signal of interest. The response of the filter is validated and the utility of the conditioning circuit is testified

Rain fade analysis on earth–to-satellite microwave link operating in Comoros

Microwave link operates at high frequency approximately 10 GHz and above, and it suffers from high attenuation in the tropical region due to high rain intensity. Therefore, a microwave designer should consider this effect in the design so that the link can be operated with good quality of service, high availability and reliability. This study is about analysis of rain fade in a tropical country, Comoros, where the rain intensity was considered from ITU-R Recommendation. This rain intensity was used to determine the rain fade for earth-to-satellite of links operating in this country at L, C, Ka, Ku and V bands in horizontal, vertical and circular for 0.001% to 1% of exceeded per year. From the analysis, it was found that the link has availability to work from 99.999% to 99% with least effects in all frequency bands at vertical polarization, except in V-band. At 99% of availability, it shows that B-PSK is the best technique for modulation to make the proposed link more reliable. To attain 10dB fade margin which allows the antenna to reach certain quality of services, the gain receiver, diameter and figure of merit were increased while the footprint was maximized.The outcome of this study will be useful resources used to upgrade the availability and reliability of earth to satellite microwave link in Comoros

Speech dereverberation enhancement

Reverberation is the process of multi-path propagation of a sound from its source to a receiver. It is a blind problem where the source signal is unknown and non-stationary as well as the acoustic channel also unknown and time-varying. Therefore, the effect of reverberation on speech causes sound distant and spectrally distorted and can also reduce intelligibility. Dereverberation is therefore an important speech enhancement. However, different methods were proposed to reduce the noise with keeping the original signal as natural as possible. In this paper, a method was proposed using Wiener filter approach to enhance the reverberated speech signals. The mechanism and the theories of the Wiener filter on how to enhance the speech is fully explained. In addition, Discrete Fourier Transformation, linear spectrum normalization, correlation algorithms are explained in detail. The techniques of Wiener filter have been implemented and the desired results of enhanced speech have been obtained successfully

Investigation of lower limb’s muscles activity during performance of salat between two age groups

Muscles play an important role in the movement of limbs.They undergo contraction to straighten or to bend a joint for the limbs to move.There are many factors that can affect muscle activity. Age could be one of the possible factors affecting muscle activity.The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb’s muscles activity during performance ofsalat between two age groups. The lower limb ’s muscles investigated were (GAS), Biceps Femoris (BF), Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Femoris (RF). The postures involve are standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting. The electromyography (EMG) signals of the muscles were measured using the technique of surface EMG (sEMG). The signals were acquired by using Delsys Bagnoli™ Desktop sEMG system and EMGworks®. Ten healthy subjects from two age groups were recruited in this study. The first group consists of five males aged between 20 to 29 while the second group consists of five males aged above 40. The raw EMG signals acquired were analyzed and the EMG envelopes were developed using MATLAB. The averaged RMS values of EMG for each muscle were also calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the EMGs was obtained by using F-test.Further investigation of the variance was performed by using Tukey comparison. From the results, the most active muscle during the performance of salat is BF while the less active muscle is GAS for both age groups .The statistical result show that there is no difference in the muscle activity pattern between the two age groups but there is significant difference among the muscles investigate

Analysis of THUG: a low-interaction client honeypot to identify malicious websites and malwares

Cybersecurity is becoming more relevant throughout time. As information and technologies expand, so does the potential for it to be exploited. Computer and media have become more widespread in every modern country in the world. Unfortunately, certain community uses this opportunity to exploit the vulnerabilities that these computers left behind. Black hat, which is more identified as hackers and exploiters, uses the networks and servers that are commonly used to gain unauthorized information and data on the innocent victim. This work analyzes several honeypots and makes comparisons between them. Analysis has been done on the results to figure the disadvantages between each honeypot and try to improve one of the honeypots based on programming. The honeypot is deployed to simulate its effectiveness in combating cybercrime by detecting and collecting the information captured on the web browsers

Penetration testing using Kali Linux: SQL injection, XSS, Wordpress, and WPA2 attacks

Nowadays, computers, smart phones, smart watches, printers, projectors, washing machines, fridges, and other mobile devices connected to Internet are exposed to various threats and exploits. Of the various attacks, SQL injection, cross site scripting, Wordpress, and WPA2 attack were the most popular security attacks and will be further investigated in this paper. Kali Linux provides a great platform and medium in learning various types of exploits and penetration testing. All the simulated attack will be conducted using Kali Linux installed on virtual machine in a computer with Intel Core i5 and 8 GB RAM, while the victim’s machine is the host computer which run Windows 10 version 1709. Results showed that the attacks launched both on web and firewall were conducted successfully

Flood disaster warning system on the go

Floods are one of the top natural disaster that affects many regions around the world, harming human lives and lessening economy growth. Therefore, it is crucial to build an early warning system that forecast flow rate and water level to reduce the casualties of flood disaster. The objective of this paper is to design a flood monitoring system which integrates both flow and water level sensor and use two class neural network to predict the flood status from stored data in the database. A laboratory experiment was carried out to simulate the system and a pressure gauge was utilized to measure the pressure of inflowing water. A NodeMCU ESP8266 enables transmission of sensor data to Thingspeak channel for real-time visualization and storing the data in database. Furthermore, two class neural network module built in Microsoft’s Azure Machine Learning (AzureML) was used to predict flood status according to a pre-define rule. The result of the 2-class neural network showed that using 3 hidden layers has the highest accuracy of 98.9% and precision of 100%