EFEKTIFITAS MEDIASI HAKIM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SURAKARTA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERKARA CERAI GUGAT

ABSTRACT M. Rizal Abdul Majid, NIM: 122121046, "Effectiveness of Judicial Mediation in Religious Courts of Surakarta in Completing the Divorce Law". Conflicts or disputes that occur between humans are quite wide dimensions and scope. Conflicts and disputes may occur in a public domain closely related to the public interest, in which the state has an interest in defending the public interest. It is different from private jurisdiction, where the emphasis is on individual interests, (private). That is mediation in a divorce dispute, in this case is a divorce. This research was conducted to find out How is the mediation process in solving the divorce case in the Religious Court of Surakarta, and How is the effectiveness of judicial mediation application in solving the divorce case in Religious Court of Surakarta according to Perma Number 1 Year 2008. Mediation is a means of dispute settlement through negotiation process to get agreement of the parties assisted by a mediator. This research uses field research method, that is researchers go to the field to hold observations about a phenomenon in a natural state by face to face or interview. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The mediation process in solving the divorce case in the Religious Court of Surakarta has been referred in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. As for the obstacles as follows: a) Both parties are already intent on divorce, b) One party is not present in the mediation session, This greatly affects the effectiveness of mediator judges efforts to change the wishes of the parties who want to divorce, (2) In view of the effectiveness side, especially related to the time that the mediation in the Religious Court of Surakarta in solving the divorce case has not been effective. Keywords: Mediation, Religious Courts, Effectiveness, Divorce

A Profit Guided Coordination Heuristic for Travelling Thief Problems

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a combination of two interdependent NP-hard components: travelling salesman problem (TSP) and knapsack problem (KP). Existing approaches for TTP typically solve the TSP and KP components in an interleaved fashion, where the solution to one component is held fixed while the other component is changed. This indicates poor coordination between solving the two components and may lead to poor quality TTP solutions. For solving the TSP component, the 2-OPT segment reversing heuristic is often used for modifying the tour. We propose an extended and modified form of the reversing heuristic in order to concurrently consider both the TSP and KP components. Items deemed as less profitable and picked in cities earlier in the reversed segment are replaced by items that tend to be equally or more profitable and not picked in the later cities. Comparative evaluations on a broad range of benchmark TTP instances indicate that the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art TTP solvers

A profit guided coordination heuristic for travelling thief problems

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a combination of two interdependent NP-hard components: travelling salesman problem (TSP) and knapsack problem (KP). Existing approaches for TTP typically solve the TSP and KP components in an interleaved fashion, where the solution to one component is held fixed while the other component is changed. This indicates poor coordination between solving the two components and may lead to poor quality TTP solutions. For solving the TSP component, the 2-OPT segment reversing heuristic is often used for modifying the tour. We propose an extended and modified form of the reversing heuristic in order to concurrently consider both the TSP and KP components. Items deemed as less profitable and picked in cities earlier in the reversed segment are replaced by items that tend to be equally or more profitable and not picked in the later cities. Comparative evaluations on a broad range of benchmark TTP instances indicate that the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art TTP solvers

Electrochemical double layer capacitor based on cellulose-pva hybrid electrolyte

A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cellulose electrolyte was prepared by casting a solution of PVA and H3PO4 on both sides of a cellulose membrane (filter paper). The ionic species H+ are caused by the H3PO4 acid which is entrapped inside the PVA and in the pores of the filter paper. The electrolyte was sandwiched between two carbon electrodes to form an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). The EDLC exhibits a good charge and discharge characteristics with a capacitance value of 30 Fg(-1)

Performance of Dye-Sensitized solar cells with (PVDF-HFP)-KI-EC-PC electrolyte and different dye materials

A plasticized polymer electrolyte system composed of PVDF-HFP, potassium iodide (KI), and equal weight of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) has been used in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The electrolyte with the composition 40 wt. % PVDF-HFP-10wt. % KI-50 wt. % (EC + PC) exhibits the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.10 x 10(-3) S cm(-1). A small amount of iodine crystal of about 10 wt. % of KI was added to the electrolyte in the liquid state to provide the redox couple for DSSC operation. The polymer electrolyte films were prepared by the solvent casting method. The DSSCs were fabricated with the electrolyte film sandwiched between a TiO(2)/dye photoelectrode and a Pt-counter electrode and characterized under 100 mW cm(-2) white light. The DSSC performance with different dyes such as Ruthenizer 535 (N3), anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and a mixture of anthocyanin and chlorophyll (v/v = 1) has been compared. The DSSC with Ruthenizer 535 (N3) dye exhibits the best performance with a short-circuit current density of 8.16 mA cm(-2), open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V, fill factor of 0.35, and photoconversion efficiency of 2.2%

From crab shell to solar cell: a gel polymer electrolyte based on N-phthaloylchitosan and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from crab shells which is insoluble in common organic solvents has been converted to the organosoluble N-phthaloylchitosan (PhCh) by reaction with phthalic anhydride in dimethylformamide (DMF). The formation and structure of PhCh was confirmed by the characteristic peaks of phthalimido and aromatic groups observed at 719, 1708 and 1772 cm−1 and two sets of peaks centered at 3.0 and 7.5 ppm obtained from FTIR and 1H NMR analyses respectively. Gel polymer electrolytes consisting of PhCh, ethylene carbonate (EC), and DMF with various amounts of tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) and iodine were prepared. The interaction behavior between polymer–plasticizer–salt was thoroughly investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. The gel polymer electrolyte consisting of PhCh : EC : DMF : TPAI : I2 in a weight ratio (g) of 0.1 : 0.3 : 0.3 : 0.12 : 0.012 showed the highest conductivity of 5.46 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature and exhibited the best performance in DSSCs with efficiency of 5.0%, with JSC of 12.72 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.60 V and fill factor of 0.66

TiO2/Chitosan-NH4I(+I-2)-BMII-based dye-sensitized solar cells with anthocyanin dyes extracted from black rice and red cabbage

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using anthocyanin dye and polymer electrolyte with ammonium iodide (NH4I) salt. The study was designed to focus on increasing the efficiency of the DSSC. DSSC using 26.9 wt.% chitosan-22wt.% NH4I(+2.2 wt.% I-2)-48.9wt. % IL solid electrolyte, black rice anthocyanin with Pt counter electrode showed J(sc) of 172 mu A cm(-2) and V-oc of 195mV. The performance of the cell with Pt electrode was further improved by coating a blocking layer on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The black rice DSSC using 11wt. % (chitosan:PEO, wt. ratio 30: 70)-9wt. % NH4I-80wt. % BMII gel electrolyte exhibited J(sc) of 1213 mu A cm(-2), V-oc of 400mV, FF of 0.47, and eta of 0.23%. The red cabbage anthocyanin DSSC containing (phthaloyl chitosan-PEO)-NH4I-BMII gel electrolyte using tartaric acid to adjust the pH of anthocyanin solution showed the best performance with the fill factor of 0.39, J(sc) of 3503 mu A cm(-2), V-oc of 340mV, and an overall conversion efficiency of 0.46%