Servant leadership from the Muslim perspective

This paper has been prepared to discuss contemporary issues in leadership, and also serves as a means of reviewing the literature in the area of Servant Leadership. Islamic leadership principles and a spiritual dimension in leadership are touched upon. The main purpose of this paper is to better understand the aforesaid leadership terms through empirical data, since most Islamic leadership theories are hardly supported by on the ground facts and realities. This paper also modestly compares the three leadership principles from existing literature and, in the end, tests the practical issues that came into the sight of the authors from the survey results. The authors hope that this paper, to a certain extent, will be able to explore previous pioneering work that has been conducted in the field of leadership. We hope that this piece of research will stimulate specific interest in the areas of servant leadership and Islamic leadership in Muslim-minority countries in other parts of the world

Social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise : a review of concepts, definitions and development in Malaysia / Mohd Ali Bahari Abdul Kadir and Suhaimi Mohd Sarif.

A decade ago the concept of social entrepreneurship was rarely discussed in Malaysia even though the practice of delivering social values to the population has been around for years. Efforts that combined the concept of entrepreneurship and social development were established years before the emergence of the term. Only in recent years the concept of social entrepreneurship is making a significant breakthrough and attaining more interest not only from social entrepreneurs but also academics and policy makers due to globalized economic system that in turn has resulted in the emergence of social entrepreneurship within a complex framework of political, economic and social changes occurring at the global, national and local levels. Nevertheless, the concept and definitions of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise need to be comprehended by those who are involved in the sector to further sustain the development of pertinent initiatives. Therefore, this paper reviews current literature pertaining the concepts and definitions of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise and recent development of the sector in Malaysia

Disequilibrium and divinity salience as invariant structures in the halal executives’ experience of eudaimonia / Jalilah Ahmad, Rosmimah Mohd. Roslin and Mohd. Ali Bahari Abdul Kadir.

The global Halal industry is large and continues to grow as the global Muslim population increases in size and dispersion. There are 1.84 billion Muslims today spread over 200 countries and is expected to increase to 2.2 billion by 2030. The industry will be worth USD6.4 trillion by the end of 2018 with more non-traditional players and emergent markets. The stakes are high with pressures to generate novel and sustainable practices. This goes beyond systems and hard skills as it needs to cut into the self – the person of virtues in virtuous acts, not because they “have to” but because it is the purpose of humankind or his telos - to be “living well” and “acting well” or eudaimonia. This study seek to explore Halal executives’ lived experience of “eudaimonia.”. Using Giorgi’s descriptive psychological phenomenological method for data analysis, the study elicits two distinct invariant structures – ‘disequilibrium in status quo’ and ‘divinity salience’

The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy between Business Incubator Funding and Business Success: A Conceptual Paper

Business incubation plays a crucial role in sustaining business success in both emerging and developing countries. Business incubators help businesses in developing countries effectively use innovation to reduce poverty and sustain social and economic development and growth. This conceptual paper focuses on the effect of funding in business incubator practices on business success in the context of Palestine. Additionally, this study strives to establish the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the relationship between funding and business success. This study will apply a quantitative approach to collect data from businesses in Palestine. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) method will be used to analyze the data. This study adopted a resource-based view (RBV), which claims that resources, skills, and capabilities are valuable tangible and intangible resources that lead to business success. If empirically supported, the proposed framework may provide effective assistance for business incubators, entrepreneurs, business owners, and managers in developing countries such as Palestine. Therefore, the results of this study will help provide academic research, future research, government, and related agencies with guiding principles and information

Using McClelland’s Theory of Need to Determine the Relationship between the Motivational Factor and Social Entrepreneurship Activity among People with Disabilities

Social entrepreneurship (SE) refers to an activity where a social element is used to create business opportunities. It describes the efforts of certain non-profit organizations or government agencies to improve the social and economic conditions of impoverished communities. This paper proposes a conceptual model to examine the relationship between motivational factors and the engagement of people with disabilities (PWD) in SE activities. Using McClelland's need theory for measuring motivation, examines achievement, affiliation, and power needs. When these needs go unfulfilled, motivation declines, leading to decreased performance and turnover within the organization. This theory holds significant influence in entrepreneurship and has been widely adopted in various research studies. Conducting a quantitative survey among actively engaged PWDs in SE activities under the Social Welfare Department institution will help identify the motivational factors driving PWDs to prioritize social entrepreneurship over other employment options. Recognizing this connection enables government agencies and stakeholders to potentially reshape and create better-suited programs for PWD and guide them toward a renewed path of empowerment

The lived Experience of eudaimonic well-being in a religio-economical role: a phenomenological study / Jalilah Ahmad … [et al.]

This phenomenological study aimed to identify and describe the general meaning structure of eudaimonic well-being experience in performing the role of halal executive. We interviewed three halal executives about their lived experiences with eudaimonic well-being and analysed the data with Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The general meaning structure describes eudaimonic well-being in performing the role of Halal executive as a phenomenon that interweaves three constituents: (1) awareness of an urgency for change, (2) striving for excellence in a malleable mind-set and (3) confrontation and intense involvement with inner potencies. We discuss these findings in relation to relevant literature on change, eudaimonic well-being, and inner potencies

Digital Entrepreneurship in Vocational High School Student Level

Digital entrepreneurship is becoming more popular, so now is a great time to learn more about it. This research aims to find out how digital entrepreneurship knowledge in Vocational High School Students. The novelty of this present study is that it looks at digital entrepreneurship using a mixed-methods and focuses on Vocational High School Students as its subject. The sample used was twelve student respondents who had met the saturation criteria in the qualitative phase; from the results of the qualitative phase, several themes came up from the interview process using inductive code on the thematic analysis. However, the researchers only focused on the digital entrepreneurship theme based on the need for this theme at the vocational high school level. Then, the quantitative phase investigates in deep of other data and is processed using questionnaires. The result begins with a validity test in which R calculates each indicator its value above the table R-value of 0.576, while for the test the reliability of Cronbach’s Alpha value 0.966 has high reliability. Furthermore, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test found the data was normally distributed and homogeneous. Independent Sample t Test is known that there is a difference in digital entrepreneurship knowledge between Male and Female Students

Microcredit Programme and The Performance of Women-Owned Micro Enterprises in Malaysia

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the microcredit program and the influencing factors relating to entrepreneurial capital and human capital in the performance of women-owned micro-enterprises. Primary data were derived from a sample of 380 female entrepreneurs under the AIM microcredit program, with regard to six hypotheses. A proportionate stratified sampling method was used for data collection. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the microcredit program is significantly related to the performance of women-owned micro-enterprises. Entrepreneurial factors have significant positive relationships with the performance of women-owned micro-enterprises. However, factors relating to religious values and human capital had no significant relationship with performance. The sample of this study was limited to one out of several microcredit programs in Malaysia, namely AIM. This study only considered some internal factors such as entrepreneurial values, management practices, religious values, and business experience and training. Future studies could consider other microcredit programs offered by commercial banks and other microcredit institutions in Malaysia, in order to unveil better prediction for the dissimilarity in SME performance. In addition, future studies could incorporate data from all states in Malaysia to provide richer interpretation and generalization of the findings. From a policy perspective, this study recognizes a need to improve the delivery mechanism in the microcredit program in terms of credit products, operational efficiency, and social development programs, to empower women in their entrepreneurial activities. Future research should consider other factors such as social capital, economic factors, government support, and family involvement

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Recognising the importance of entrepreneurship education in promoting entrepreneurship development and the economy, Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education has taken the initiative by making entrepreneurship subjects compulsory to all students at the nation public universities.  At the same time, these students are encouraged to take part in the many entrepreneurship activities at their respective universities - trainings, seminars, short courses, conferences and entrepreneurship events. The results of the effort can lead to less unemployed graduates and an increase in business opportunities, which will have a direct impact on achieving the developed nation status as envisioned by Malaysians. The entrepreneurship education in Malaysia is moving forward towards the right direction however issues and challenges still persist. This paper aims to review the entrepreneurship education in Malaysia by discussing the current situation of entrepreneurship education, the issues and challenges and recommending ways to improve the situation