Anatomical structures of the limb of white-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and white-headed munia (Lonchura maja)

This study was conducted with the aim to examine the anatomical structures of the limb of white-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) to determine the reason why the birds are not able to walk, stand and perch while standing. In addition, an attempt was made to compare the results with the white-headed munia (Lonchura maja), which has similar body weight and appearance. Four left limbs from each species were examined macroscopically using stereomicroscope. The bone and muscles of both species were measured and compared. The limb muscles of white-nest swiftlet were twice smaller than the white-headed munia. The tibial bone was approximately similar in length, but the tarsometatarsal bone of the white-nest swiftlet was shorter than the white-headed munia. The digits of the white-nest swiftlet were also shorter than the white-headed munia. The tibial bones for both species were taken for histological examination and the results revealed no significance difference between the two species. Four groups of muscles namely the biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius from each bird were also taken for histological examination. The muscle sections were stained with H&E and Masson’s Trichome. Histologically, the white-nest swiftlet had smaller sized limb muscles compared to the white-headed munia. Similarly, the muscle bundles of the white-nest swiftlet were also less than the white-headed munia. In conclusion, the short tarsometatarsal bone and digits, and small limb muscles could be the reason why the white-nest swiftlets are not able to use their limbs for walking, standing and perching

i-Saraf – a web-based multimedia platform for learning Arabic morphology

Saraf or Morphology is one of the branches of knowledge in Arabic Linguistic. Towards Technology 4.0 or known as Fourth Industrial Revolutions, the Internet of Things, the researcher believes that, learning Arabic morphology through the design of a computer assisted program by using multimedia via the World Wide Web would greatly help student in learning Arabic Morphology. Knowing that there are many students from Arabic language especially non-native speakers faced difficulties in learning Arab morphology, including the large number of morphological terms that lead to student psychological disorder, distraction of mind, and it becomes worst if they are presented with the views of scholar’s different views which lead them to avoid morphology subject due to its complexity and difficulty material based on learners’ perception. This study adopted two methodologies of descriptive and analytical. After collected information about the difficulties in learning Arabic morphology, theories of learning Arabic language via the World Wide Web, the researcher designed a computer assisted program by using multimedia via the URL of http://efolio.iium.edu.my/courses/ sorof / index.html through the website of Blendspace. It was developed in the light of instructional design model of ADDIE based on the views of the respondents and their suggestions and needs. The researcher found that this multimedia learning programme is highly accepted by the respondents, as it leads to a productive and successful process of learning Arabic morphology

A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR is the term used to describe a series of action that comprises of artificial respiration and chest compressions to patients in cardiorespiratory arrest. It has to be initiated promptly to improve the chance of survival before advanced medical care is available. CPR is an important clinical skill, almost mandatory for every healthcare personnel. The CPR procedure is an essential component of Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). This book covers the important aspects of Basic Life Support (BLS) and serves as a guide to participants of the CPR course. Participants are required to read this book before attending the course. Its main objective is to provide a simple and comprehensive reference to participants of our CPR workshops. It has been updated according to the latest 2015 guidelines published by recognised bodies such as The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), and the American Heart Association (AHA). We have also incorporated a chapter on Islamic Ethics, in line with the IIICE (Integration, Islamisation, Internationalisation and Comprehensive Excellence) mission of our university