Mosquito densities in the villages of VK5 and VK7 pre-intervention (Round 1 in blue) and post-intervention (Round 2 in Red).

<p>Mosquito densities in the villages of VK5 and VK7 pre-intervention (Round 1 in blue) and post-intervention (Round 2 in Red).</p

Proportions of young males in the villages of VK5 and VK7 pre-intervention (Round 1 in blue) and post-intervention (Round 2 in Red).

<p>Proportions of young males in the villages of VK5 and VK7 pre-intervention (Round 1 in blue) and post-intervention (Round 2 in Red).</p

A volunteer spraying swarms with a bomb spray.

<p>A volunteer spraying swarms with a bomb spray.</p

Map distribution of swarms in VK5 village.

<p>Map distribution of swarms in VK5 village.</p

Insecticide mortality rates and species composition in ten <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.l. test populations from Burkina Faso collected in the 2010 rainy season.

<p>For each locality, pie charts (above) indicate the relative frequency of each taxon within <i>An. gambiae</i> s.l. (N = 30 specimens per locality, see text) and bar charts (below) show percentage mortality 24 hours after a 1-hour exposure to the diagnostic doses of insecticide (N = 100 per population). Mortality thresholds (98% and 80%, as recommended by WHO <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048412#pone.0048412-World2" target="_blank">[48]</a>) are shown on each bar chart (horizontal black lines). nd = not determined.</p

Detoxifying enzyme activities in <i>An. gambiae</i> s.l. mosquitoes collected form ten localities in Burkina Faso (2010).

<p>A) Non-Specific α Esterase activity, B) Non-Specific β Esterase activity, C) Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, D) P450 activity. Stars denote significant difference in activity level when compared to the <i>An. gambiae</i> Kisumu reference strain.</p

Distribution of developmental time of the molecular forms in each habitat (by sex)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Evidence for divergent selection between the molecular forms of : role of predation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/5</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008;8():5-5.</p><p>Published online 11 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2217532.</p><p></p> Developmental Time was measured from transplantation of first instar to adult. The box extends between the 25and the 75percentile (across the inter quartile range – IQR) and the median is denoted by a thick line. The whiskers extend up to the most extreme value, up to 1.5 times the IQR and values located over 2 IQR from the median are shown. The triangles extend from the mean (base) to 1 SD (tip)

Allelic and genotypic frequencies at the <i>kdr</i> locus in <i>An. gambiae</i> s.l. populations from sites in Burkina Faso (2010).

<p>Note that the <i>kdr</i> 1014S resistant allele was not detected in our samples and is therefore not reported in the Table.</p><p>N: number of mosquitoes;</p><p>f(1014F): frequency of the 1014F resistant <i>kdr</i> allele;</p><p>p(HW): probability of the exact test for goodness of fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;</p><p>[95%CI]: 95% confidence interval;</p><p>‘-’: not determined.</p

Larval developmental success (measured as the number of adults per cage) of the molecular forms in presence and absence of predators in puddles and rice fields

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Evidence for divergent selection between the molecular forms of : role of predation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/5</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008;8():5-5.</p><p>Published online 11 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2217532.</p><p></p> The box extends between the 25and the 75percentile (across the inter quartile range – IQR) and the median is denoted by a thick line. The whiskers extend up to the most extreme value, up to 1.5 times the IQR and values located over 2 IQR from the median are shown. The triangles extend from the mean (base) to 1 SD (tip)

effects of larval stress and parasite infection

full data set of effects of predation stress and infection on larval development, adult size, fecundity, longevity and mosquito susceptibility