Expression of Hemagglutinin\u2013Neuraminidase and fusion epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus in transgenic tobacco

Background: Newcastle disease is an important avian infectious disease that brings about vast economic damage for poultry industry. Transgenic plants represent a cost-effective system for the production of therapeutic proteins and are widely used for the production of poultry vaccines. In an attempt to develop a recombinant vaccine, a plant expression binary vector pBI121, containing the genes encoding Hemagglutinin\u2013Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) under the control of CaMV35S promoter and NOS terminator was constructed and introduced into the tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) plant by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Results: Putative transgenic plantswere screened in a selection medium containing 50 mg/L kanamycin and 30mg/L meropenem. Integration of the foreign gene in plant genome was confirmed by PCR. Expression of foreign gene was analyzed at transcription level by RT-PCR and at translation level by means of dot blotting and ELISA. All analyses confirmed the expression of recombinant protein. Conclusion: Developments in genetic engineering have led to plant-based systems for recombinant vaccine production. In this research, tobacco plant was used to express F and HN epitopes of NDV. Our results indicate that for the production of recombinant vaccine, it is a novel strategy to use concatenated epitopes without their genetic fusion onto larger scaffold structure such as viral coat protein

Kdr genotyping and the first report of V410L and V1016I kdr mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel gene in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Iran

Background: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases worldwide. The species invaded and became established in southern Iran in 2020. Insecticide-based interventions are primarily used for its control. With insecticide resistance widespread, knowledge of resistance mechanisms is vital for informed deployment of insecticidal interventions, but information from Iranian Ae. aegypti is lacking. Methods: Fifty-six Ae. aegypti specimens were collected from the port city of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan Province in the South of Iran in 2020 and screened for kdr mutations. The most common kdr mutations in Latin America and Asia (V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C), especially when present in combinations, are highly predictive of DDT and pyrethroid resistance were detected. Phylogenetic analyses based on the diversity of S989P and V1016G/I mutations were undertaken to assess the phylogeography of these kdr mutations. Results: Genotyping all four kdr positions of V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C revealed that only 16 out of the 56 (28.57%) specimens were homozygous wild type for all kdr mutation sites. Six haplotypes including VSVF (0.537), VSVC (0.107), LSVF (0.016), LSIF (0.071), VPGC (0.257) and LPGC (0.011) were detected in this study. For the first time, 11 specimens harbouring the V410L mutation, and 8 samples with V1016I mutation were found. V410L and V1016I were coincided in 8 specimens. Also, six specimens contained 1016G/I double mutation which was not reported before. Conclusions: The relatively high frequency of these kdr mutations in Iranian Ae. aegypti indicates a population exhibiting substantial resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which are used widely in control operations and household formulations. The detection of the 410L/1016I kdr mutant haplotype in Iranian Ae. aegypti suggests possible convergence of invasive populations from West Africa or Latin America. However, as Iran has very limited maritime/air connections with those African countries, a Latin American origin for the invasive Ae. aegypti in Iran is more plausible

Boron tolerance in grain legumes with particular reference to the genetics of boron tolerance in peas / Abdolreza Bagheri Kazemabad.

Bibliography: leaves 200-223.xii, 225, [15] leaves, [19] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1995

Responsiveness of cold tolerant chickpea characteristics in fall and spring planting: I- phenology and morphology

Although some cold tolerant chickpeas have been recognized for fall planting in the highlands of Northeastern Iran, there is no information about the growth and development of these accessions. The study was undertaken to evaluate the phenology and morphology of cold tolerant chickpeas in fall and spring planting. Thirty three chickpea genotypes (32 cold tolerant genotypes and one susceptible genotyp) across four planting date (28 Sep., 16 Oct., 2 Nov. and 7 Mar.) were sown during 2000-2001 growing season at the experimental field of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as a split plot design with two replications. The planting dates were imposed as main plot and chickpea genotypes as subplot. Effects of planting dates on days from planting to emergence, vegetative growth, growth stage before cold, height of plant at harvest and number. and length of branches per plant were significant (

Responsiveness of cold tolerant chickpea characteristics in fall and spring planting: II. yield and yield components

Previous research in Mashhad collection chickpeas (MCC) has shown that there are some cold tolerant genotypes for fall planting in the highlands. To obtain more detailed information about the reaction of these genotypes to fall and spring planting, the yield and yield component responses of 33 chickpea genotypes (32 cold tolerant genotypes and one susceptible genotypes) to four planting dates (28 Sep., 16 Oct., 2 Nov., and 7 Mar.) were evaluated in 2000-2001 growing season. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as a split plot design with two replications. The planting dates were imposed as main plot and chickpea genotypes as subplot. Effects of planting date and genotype on percent of plant survival (PPS) after winter, number. of pod per plant, 100 seed weight, yield and Harvest Index (HI) were significant (

Biochemical changes and SDS-PAGE analyses of chickpea (cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in response to salinity during the early stages of seedling growth

Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for plants, causing other subsequent consequences such as oxidative stress, which eventually leads to cell death. Measured various biochemical parameters in chickpea genotypes were performed under various NaCl concentrations (0, 8 and 12 dS.m-1 ( in controlled condition at 21 and 28-day after sowing (DAS). After determination of tolerant (MCC544) and susceptible (MCC806) genotypes and also the best differential salt concentration, SDS-PAGE was used to compare protein profiling in these two genotypes in 3 time points with four replicates. Proline and protein contents were significantly higher in MCC544 as much as 27 fold (for proline) and 30% (for protein) increase over control in 28 DAS at 12 dS.m-1 of salt. The leaf soluble carbohydrates increased significantly in MCC544 and MCC760, compared with others. The minimum decline of electrolyte leakages (6%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was belonged to MCC760 while MCC806 genotype showed the highest decrease rate (more than 20%). Total leaf chlorophyll content decreased in all genotypes. More strong and positive correlations between parameters was recorded in tolerant genotypes which resulted in membrane and osmotic balance. Analyses of SDS-PAGE revealed that more rapid accumulation and/or less degradation of proteins occurred in higher molecular weight proteins. Moreover, the response of genotypes through protein changes before 96 h stress might be a possible reason for salinity tolerance in this condition

Disinfecting effects of nano silver fluids in gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) capitulum tissue culture

Microbial contamination is one of the most important problems in plant tissue culture and various methods are employed to reduce it. Microbial contamination is an important barrier in the development of Gerbera tissue culture and micropropagation procedure even after disinfecting with normal methods. In this experiment the antifungal and antibacterial activity of nano-silver fluids was investigated in gerbera tissue culture and the effects of four different nano-silver concentration (25, 50, 100 and 200mg L-1) in four soaking time of explants (15, 30, 60 and 180 min) were compared with two control treatments that included disinfecting explants with soaking them in Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite followed by Mercury Chloride aqueous solution. The explants were cultured on dedicated MS medium to evaluate the effects of NS on viability and other apparent properties. The analysis of variance resulted that there are significant differences in contamination rate, both among treatments and between control and treatments. The 200 mg L-1 nano-silver solution had successfully controlled bacterial and fungal contamination and had no undesired effects on regeneration of plantlets. According to reports on high levels of contamination in Gerbera tissue culture and also the hazardous environmental effects of mercury chloride, so nano-silver solution can be used as a low risk fungicide and bactericide in Gerbera capitulum tissue culture

An Analysis to Strategy of Pulse Research in Iran Based Upon the First National Pulse Symposium Approaches

Pulse, as the second source of human nutrition, benefits from great agronomic and nutritious features. These plants are amongst the most important crops which are full of protein and are widely cultivated all over the world; having the ability to adapt to different climate measures ranging from mild to hot and from moist to very dry. The other noteworthy trait of these crops is their talent to coexist with nitrogen fixation bacteria available in the soil which plays an important role in soil fertility and sustainability. For the previously mentioned reasons and many more, pulses have been extensive fields of research. With the substitution of legumes with fallow in the wheat-fallow agricultural system, great success in product stability has been gained. Having emphasized on the importance of the issue, the first national pulse symposium with the aim of investigating the opportunities and threats facing the development of pulse in Iran was held on 20-21 Nov. 2005 in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad at the Research Center of Plant Sciences in collaboration with many scientific, research and administrative institutions. This paper aims at sketching the overview of the strategic research direction in Iran by analyzing the published papers presented in this conference and will provide the key points mentioned in the final conference manifestation