99 research outputs found
Order and disorder in calciumāsilicateāhydrate
Despite advances in the characterization and modeling of cement hydrates, the atomic order in CalciumāSilicateāHydrate (CāSāH), the binding phase of cement, remains an open question. Indeed, in contrast to the former crystalline model, recent molecular models suggest that the nanoscale structure of CāSāH is amorphous. To elucidate this issue, we analyzed the structure of a realistic simulated model of CāSāH, and compared the latter to crystalline tobermorite, a natural analogue of CāSāH, and to an artificial ideal glass. The results clearly indicate that CāSāH appears as amorphous, when averaged on all atoms. However, an analysis of the order around each atomic species reveals that its structure shows an intermediate degree of order, retaining some characteristics of the crystal while acquiring an overall glass-like disorder. Thanks to a detailed quantification of order and disorder, we show that, while CāSāH retains some signatures of a tobermorite-like layered structure, hydrated species are completely amorphous.ICoME2 Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0053)A*MIDEX projects (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02)Program āInvestissements dāAvenir
Minimally invasive surgical interventions in the treatment of primary persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy
Hyperinsulinemia, diagnosed by laboratory tests, should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to prevent fatal complications such as neurological damage. Patients who are resistant to medical therapy should be treated surgically. Minimally invasive surgery, a newly developed approach, is a good choice among surgical procedures to avoid unnecessary extensive pancreatectomy. Here, a 12-year-old boy is presented with diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia who had recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia and seizures from infancy. Because of his unresponsiveness to medical therapy and his familyĆ¢ļæ½ļæ½s preference, he underwent laparoscopic pancreatectomy to reduce morbidity and hospital stay. Two years postsurgical follow-up revealed a normo-glycemic state. ĆĀ© 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. All rights reserved
Topological Origin of Fracture Toughening in Complex Solids: the Viewpoint of Rigidity Theory
In order to design tougher materials, it is crucial to understand the
relationship between their composition and their resistance to fracture. To
this end, we investigate the fracture toughness of usual sodium silicate
glasses (NS) and complex calcium--silicate--hydrates (CSH), the binding phase
of cement. Their atomistic structure is described in the framework of the
topological constraints theory, or rigidity theory. We report an analogous
rigidity transition, driven by pressure in NS and by composition in CSH.
Relying both on simulated and available experimental results, we show that
optimally constrained isostatic systems show improved fracture toughness. The
flexible to stressed--rigid transition is shown to be correlated to a
ductile-to-brittle transition, with a local minimum of the brittleness for
isostatic system. This fracture toughening arises from a reversible molecular
network, allowing optimal stress relaxation and crack blunting behaviors. This
opens the way to the discovery of high-performance materials, designed at the
molecular scale
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