Population dynamics of pearl oyster Pinctada radiata west of Lavan Island of the Persian Gulf, Iran

Investigation on pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata growth and mortality parameters was carried out from September 2001 to October 2002 in west of Lavan Island using scuba diving method. Hinge length (HL) and dorsoventral measurement (DVM) relationship was significantly (r ^ (2) =0.98) linear. Weight and dorsoventral measurement relationship was shown to be W=0.0004 L ^ (2.812) (r ^ (2) =0.98). Asymptotic length (L infinity) and growth rate (K) were estimated at 98 (mm) and 0.96 y ^ (-1) respectively. More than 70 percent of the individuals were matured in April 2001. Mortality parameters including natural mortality (M), total mortality (Z) and fishery mortality (F) were estimated to be 1.21y ^ (-1), 1.68y ^ (-1) and 0.66y ^ (-1) respectively. Exploitation rate was estimated to be 0.27 in this survey

Effects of water temperature on filtration rate of micro-algae Isochrysis affines galbana by black lip pearl oyster spat (Pinctada margaritifera)

This study was conducted to compare the effects of varying water temperatures on filtration rate of micro-algae Isochrysis affines galbana by Pinctada margaritfera spat on microalgae. To determine the optimum temperature and maximum filtration rate, 10 pearl oyster. margaritfera spats with mean total and total hinge length 32.67 ±2.76 and 31.57 ±2.90 respectively were stocked in 70 liter rectangular glass tanks supplied with filtered seawater. The spats were exposed to seven treatments of temperature including 18.5 ±0.21°C, 20.5 ±0.21°C, 23 ±0.1°C, 24.5 ±0.31°C, 26.5 ±0.21°C, 27.5 ±0.15°C and 28.5 ±0.21°C with 3 replicates. The results of filtration on I. affines galbana showed that the maximum filtration of spats on microalgae cells and water volume were 181,324,595 cells and 3626 ml per hour and 635,031,212 cells and 12700 ml per two hours in 27.5 ±0.15°C, respectively. The minimum filtration of microalgae cells and water volume were 5,224,028 and 104ml per hour and 65,874,413 cells and 1317 ml per two hours in 18.50 ±021C, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the optimum temperature for maximum feeding of spats on I. affines galbana is 27.5 ±0.15°C

Study algicidial activity of 6 species (of) seaweed from Persian Gulf on growth (of) Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. The effects of water soluble extract (0.2, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.6 g L-1) from 6 species of marine macroalgae; Ulva lactuca, Enthromorpha intistialis, Colpomenia sinuosa, Sargassum illicifolium, Gracilaria corticat and Hypnea valentiea , fresh thallus (2.5 and 5.0 g L-1) and macroalgal culture medium filtrate from 3species of marine macroalgae; E.intistialis, C.sinuosa, and H.valentiea on growth of Cochlodinium polkrikoides (Dinoflagellate) were investigated for 15 days in co-culture under controlled laboratory conditions. The results clearly showed that the growth of C. polkrikoides was significantly inhibited by the water-soluble extracts of seaweed at relatively all concentrations in contrast to control with any seaweeds extract (p<0.05). The growth inhibition of C. polykrikoides was significantly higher in co-culture with fresh thallus of E.intistialis, C.sinuosa and H.valentiea (p<0.05). In macroalgal culture medium filtrate the highest growth inhibition of C. polykrikoides was obtained in co-culture with E.intistialis and was significantly higher than the other macroalgal culture medium filtrate of seaweeds(p<0.05). Therefore, we could conclude that using the tested seaweeds either as an extract or in co-culture with fresh thallus could be used as an alternative to biological control of C. polykrikoides

Association between tumor markers and anemia: a short review

Tumor markers are a group of molecules used to diagnose certain diseases, including cancer. These molecules can alter cellular pathways, including those associated with some anemias, by expressing or influencing certain cellular mediators. The present study is based on data obtained from the PubMed database (1970–2019) using the key words ‘tumor markers’, ’anemia’ and ‘iron’. We found that some tumor markers can affect hepcidin expression and iron uptake by altering cell pathways. Several other tumor markers also increase in some anemias, so that they can sometimes be used to diagnose and confirm the type of anemia. The role of some tumor markers remains unclear despite the increase in some anemias. In general, some tumor markers are involved in the pathophysiology of a numer of anemias or help diagnose anemia. However, studies of the role of tumor markers in the diagnosis, development or progression of anemias have been very limited

Study on effects of physical, biological and chemical parameters on growth and bloom-forming of dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides

The red tide, as a natural phenomenon, has been frequently occurred in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coastal waters. Harmful algal blooms of Cochlodinium polykricoiedes were first observed in August 2007 and coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities and have caused substantial economic losses and negative effects on the aquatic environment in the Persian Gulf. The objective of this study was to evaluate direct control or mitigation of C. polykricoiedes blooms through physical (flocculation with clay; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 4 and 10 g L^-1), biological [6 seaweeds; fresh and extract (aqueous and methanol)] and chemical (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite; 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g L^-1) treatments. The results of the physical assay showed that the growth of C. polykricoiedes was strongly inhibited by using clay slurry in 4 or 10 g L^-1. The removal efficiency of C. polykricoiedes by clay was 99% after 24 hour. The seaweeds showed the most mitigation effect on C. polykricoiedes using aqueous extract was C. sinnosa, using mixed aqueous and methanol were S. illicifolium , U. lactuca and G. corticata, fresh tissue were E.intistialis، C.sinuosa, H.valentiea, and culture filtrate of E. intistialis. The results clearly showed that the flocculants; potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite had the highest removal efficiency (100%) of C. polykricoiedes cells in the lowest concentration (0.05 g L^-1). Overall, our experiments suggest that using clay and seaweeds as a control strategies could be considered for HABs in the Persian Gulf coastal waters

Histological Evaluation of Wound Healing Effect of Topical Phenytoin on Rat Hard Palate Mucosa

Extension and duration of wound healing following periodontal surgery are very important. The aim of present study was histological evaluation of wound healing of topical phenytoin on rat hard palate mucosa. A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15(n=15). A standard 4×6 mm diameter wound was created on the hard oral palate of each rat. The control group were given an equal volume of normal saline. The group of phenytoin and chitosan gel received the topical gel of phenytoin and chitosan, respectively. The fourth group were received a dosage of 10mg phenytoin daily. Five rats each were sacrificed and all sections were examined for histologic changes by light microscopy. The mean number of neutrophils, fibroblasts, macrophages, epithelialization, and the density of collagen fibers were evaluated in each group. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The number of fibroblasts and the rate of epithelialization in the group of phenytoin gel were significantly higher on the 7th day than the control group (P <0.05). The density of collagen fibers on the 14th day was significantly higher in the group of phenytoin gel than the control group (P <0.05). It can be concluded that topical phenytoin to promote wound healing of rat hard palate

Propagation and rearing larvae of black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera until spat stage

The black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifer is one of the three valuable species of pearl oyster for the cultured pearl industry of the world. Due to its high economical value, endangered species status in Persian Gulf, its historical and social importance, and the technical feasibility to produce pearl oysters seeds in hatchery, Persian Gulf Shellfish Research Center in northern part of Persian Gulf, Iran developed the spat production of this important species for the first time. Ten pairs of matured P. margaritifera broodstocks collected from the pearl oysters beds in Lavan Island, Persian Gulf during Jun-July 2004, were transferred to the hatchery at the Persian Gulf Shellfish Research Center. All the broodstocks were thoroughly brushed free of fouling organisms and washed with freshwater. The oysters subjected to thermal stimulation (temperature elevated from 20 °C to 30 °C). Around 70% of oysters spawned approximately after an hour. Fertilization was normal ranging between 97-98% and early larval development was viable. Six one-tone fiberglass tanks holding 1μ filtered and UV sterilized seawater with gentle aeration were used for culturing the larvae. Pure culture of three micro algae, Isochrysis aff galbana ,Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros mulleri were used as diets. Feeding started with I. galbana and a combination of I. galbana and C. calcitrans from day 4 of rearing period. The initial larval density was 50 larvae/mL at D-Shape larval stage and reduced to 1 laravae/mL at later stages. The larvae reached to the D-Shape stage between 20-24 hours, Umbo stage on day 6-12, Eye-spot on day 17-21and Pediveliger and Plantigarad on day 22-30. Oyster Spats were settled on collectors after 32 days of rearing period. Survival rate was 70% at D-Shape stage, 60% for Umbo stage, 50% for Eye-spot and 30% for Spat. Total produced spat 123500 in two years and realized and transferred 23500 spat to sea

Determination of effective parameters on growth and bloom forming of Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Although the most alga blooms usually provide positive impacts on marine ecosystems, but blooming of certain species of algae may also have negative impacts which evidence suggests that over the past few decades the frequency and duration of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been increasing both nationally and worldwide. Harmful algal blooms of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were first observed in 2008. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbass, Qeshm and Hourmoz Islands from March 2012 to June 2015. After sampling, the samples transferred to Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute phytoplankton Lab and adapted to filtered seawater. In Phycolab, they isolated and purified by positive phototropism characteristic of species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinities (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensities (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2s^-1). During this study 3 Dinoflagellates species were identified in Hormozgan Coastal waters. The first species was Noctiluca scintillans. This species was alive in F/4 media culture and under the 32ppt salinity, 25°C temperature, and an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime only for 4 months. The second species was Protoperidinium quinquecorne and produced temporal blooms that could not be isolated under usual and modified media cultures. The last Dinoflagellates species that caused spreading blooms in Hormozgan Coastal waters and could be possible to isolate was Cochlodinium polykrikoides. The results clearly showed that the best media culture for growth of this species is A2 and the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Maximum cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 5 liter Erlenmeyer for 12 days reached to 1.6 × 106 cell L^−1 with 2-12 and occasionally to 16 cells chain. Based on the results from the present study, providing suitable media culture and physical condition, bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 and will be continued until day 24

Study on feasibility of live Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) capturing in northern waters of Persian gulf & Oman Sea (Hormozgan province) and rearing them to subadult stage in concrete tanks

In order to obtain live individuals of cobia (Rachycentrun canadum) , coastal waters of Jask, Sirik, Kolahi , Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e Lengeh ,Bandar-e Bostaneh and Abu moosa ,Hormoz and Qeshm Islands have been surveyed from March 2008 to January 2010 in Northern waters of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province). All in all 60 alive fishes obtained from fishing boats and transferred to Aquaculture Department of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute (PGOSERI), but 50 of them died and only 10 fish survived. They divided in two groups and cultured in separated concrete tanks. Fished were fed with trush fish twice a day at a feeding rate of 4-5 percent of body weight. Culturing period last about 6 months. All the fishes gradually died through the culturing period. Average of specific growth rate in group 1 and 2 were about 0/49 and 0/77 respectively. The weight gain for group 1 (WG) was %75 for 75 days of culturing time and % 142 for 190 days of culturing time while for group 2 it was %31 for 54 days of culturing time and % 75 for 190 days . Average weight of fishes belong to group 1 reached from 950(g) to 2150 (g) during 6 months, while group 2 reached from 872(g) to 1271/5 (g) in 3 months. Feed conversion rate (FCR) for group 1 and 2 were respectively about 6.9 and 6.8. With regard to cost of trash fish (about 2000 Rials per kilogram trash fish) the per unit feed cost of cobia production were 13613 and 13730 Iranian Rials per kilogram, respectively for group 1 and group 2. Results revealed that obtaining live individuals of cobia is very difficult and also cobia didn’t grow well in concrete tanks but if we have better cooperation of local fishermen and also provide some Equipment such as cages in order to rear cobia in the sea , it is possible to achieve more success and obtaining better results