Validity of pulse oximetry in detection of hypoxaemia in children: comparison of ear, thumb and toe probe placements ‫إهبام‬ ‫و‬ ‫األذن‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املسبار‬ ‫مواضع‬ ‫بني‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫األطفال:‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫أكسجة‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫كشف‬ ‫يف‬ ‫النبيض‬ ‫التأكسج‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫موثو

ABSTRACT This study of paediatric intensive care patients aimed to determine where pulse oximetry probes should be placed to obtain the most accurate and reliable readings of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ). Using arterial blood gas analysis (SaO 2 ) as the gold standard and SpO 2 < 92% and SaO 2 < 90% as indicators of hypoxaemia, negative predictive values of SpO 2 were 96%, 98% and 98% at the ear, thumb and big toe respectively in 110 children, and 93% at all 3 sites in 90 neonates. The highest clinical agreement between SaO 2 and SpO 2 was for ear probes in children (κ = 0.70) and the lowest was for big toe probes (κ = 0.57 and 0.28 in children and neonates respectively). Validité de l'oxymétrie de pouls pour détecter l'hypoxémie chez l'enfant : comparaison du placement de la sonde au niveau de l'oreille, du pouce et de l'orteil RÉSUMÉ La présente étude sur les patients en soins intensifs néonataux a pour objectif de définir l'emplacement de la sonde oxymétrique afin d'obtenir les relevés les plus fiables et les plus précis de la saturation en oxygène (SpO 2 ). En utilisant l'analyse des gaz du sang artériel (SaO 2 ) comme méthode de référence associée à une SpO 2 < 92 % et à une SaO 2 < 90 % comme indicateurs d'hypoxémie, les valeurs prédictives négatives de SpO 2 étaient de 96 %, 98 % et 98 % au niveau de l'oreille, du pouce et du gros orteil, respectivement chez 110 enfants, et de 93 % aux trois endroits chez 90 nouveau-nés. La sonde auriculaire a permis d'obtenir la meilleure corrélation clinique entre la SaO 2 et la SpO 2 chez l'enfant (κ= 0,70) alors que la sonde au niveau du gros orteil a recueilli les moins bons résultats (κ = 0,57 et 0,28, chez l'enfant et le nouveau-né respectivement)

Screening of congenital CMV infection in saliva of neonates by PCR: Report of a pilot screening study in Iran

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infection in neonates. Most infants with congenital CMV infection are asymptomatic at birth and not diagnosed on routine clinical examination. To identify these at-risk infants early in life, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are done to screen large populations of newborn infants. Objective: We carried out a pilot study to estimate the prevalence of CMV in saliva from newborns by DNA PCR assay. Methods: This study was performed from January 2012 to March 2012 at a maternity hospital in the south of Tehran. All newborns aged between 1 to 14 days born at this hospital were enrolled. Saliva specimens from newborns were collected by swabbing the inside of the baby's mouth and stored at -70°C until PCR processing for virus detection. Results: Six-hundred and twenty infants between 1 to 14 days of age were enrolled during the study period of two months. The PCR assay was positive for CMV in 2 newborns 0.3%. Both of these infants were asymptomatic for congenital CMV at birth and also when followed up at three months and six months of age. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that because of a low yield of positive results, screening for congenital CMV infection would not be cost-effective in Iranian neonates

Validation of the mortality in emergency department sepsis (MEDS) score in a Singaporean cohort

10.1097/MD.0000000000016962Medicine (United States)9834e1696

Organic CMOS Line Drivers on Foil

In this paper, the design of a low-voltage line driver in a complementary organic technology on foil is presented. The behavior and the variability of circuits are predicted by means of transistor modeling and statistical characterization. The compar- ison of measurements and simulations of simple digital blocks ver- ifies the effectiveness of the design approach. A transmission-gate based 32-stage line driver and a fully-static one are shown. It is also shown that, based on the statistical organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) characterization, the fully-static logic style is a more suit- able choice for implementing line drivers in this technology. The implemented fully-static line driver, which is comprised of 1216 transistors, has the highest transistor count reported for a comple- mentary organic circuit to date. It works at supply voltages from 10 V to as low as 3.3 V, reaching a 1 kHz clock frequency, and oc- cupying an area of 25  4.7 mm . The drivers are implemented in a technology compatible with that of flat-panel display backplanes and are tested with a QQVGA AMOLED display

Surveillance of antibiotic consumption point prevalence survey 2014: Antimicrobial prescribing in pediatrics wards of 16 Iranian hospitals

Background: Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pediatrics. Due to lack of uniformity in pediatric antimicrobial prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, appropriate drug utilization studies have been found to be crucial to evaluate whether these drugs are properly used. Methods: Data were collected between January 2014 and February 2014 in 16 Iranian pediatric hospitals using a standardized method. The point prevalence survey included all inpatient beds. Results: Of 858 children, 571 (66.6) received one or more antimicrobials. The indications were therapeutic in 60.6. The parenteral route was used in 92.5 of therapeutic indications. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antimicrobials for therapeutic indications (32.4) and combination-therapy was the most type of therapy in pediatric intelligent care unit (PICU). Conclusion: According to results of this study, antibiotics� prescribing in pediatrics wards of Iranian hospitals is empirical. Therefore, for quality improvement of antimicrobial use in children continuous audit process and antibiotic prescriptions require further investigation. © 2016, Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All right resvrved