Technology and market analysis of standard electronic photonic package

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).Electronic industry will suffer a major turn around in the near future. The current infrastructure will no longer be able to support the increasing data rates. All the disadvantages of copper as current legacy are amplified with the level of bandwidth we are going to experience soon. On the other hand, photonic industry is in the need of finding a new demand source to be able to bring back the state of industry to the "boom" era. With both conditions in mind, it is likely for photonic and electronic industry to emerge. However, the platform for the collaboration has not been mature enough. One of the biggest problems in the photonic industry is the high cost of the package. This, so far, has been one of the major issues holding the industry from gaining back to its golden era. In order to overcome this barrier, standardization has been suggested to be implemented in the industry. This thesis examines the current state of optoelectronic industry, as a convergence of photonic and electronic industry. More specifically, the condition of lack of standardization is analyzed and proven to be the case.(cont.) Interviewing relevant industry players and working closely with the MIT Communications Technology Roadmap-Integration, Packaging and Interconnects Technical Working Group also determine the reason of the condition. Finally, suggestions on the need of standard package and the requirement of standard package are made to hopefully direct the research towards more focused area. For the standard to be the ultimate standard, industry wide implementation has to be the resulting condition. This thesis also examines and suggests steps needed to be taken in order to promote the full implementation of the standard package.by Fatwa Firdaus Abdi.M.Eng

Releasing the Bubbles: Nanotopographical Electrocatalyst Design for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

Photoelectrochemical devices integrate the processes of light absorption, charge separation, and catalysis for chemical synthesis. The monolithic design is interesting for space applications, where weight and volume constraints predominate. Hindered gas bubble desorption and the lack of macroconvection processes in reduced gravitation, however, limit its application in space. Physico-chemical modifications of the electrode surface are required to induce gas bubble desorption and ensure continuous device operation. A detailed investigation of the electrocatalyst nanostructure design for light-assisted hydrogen production in microgravity environment is described. p-InP coated with a rhodium (Rh) electrocatalyst layer fabricated by shadow nanosphere lithography is used as a model device. Rh is deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) or photoelectrodeposition through a mask of polystyrene (PS) particles. It is observed that the PS sphere size and electrocatalyst deposition technique alter the electrode surface wettability significantly, controlling hydrogen gas bubble detachment and photocurrent–voltage characteristics. The highest, most stable current density of 37.8 mA cm−2 is achieved by depositing Rh via PVD through 784 nm sized PS particles. The increased hydrophilicity of the photoelectrode results in small gas bubble contact angles and weak frictional forces at the solid–gas interface which cause enhanced gas bubble detachment and enhanced device efficiency

Releasing the bubbles : nanotopographical electrocatalyst design for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production in microgravity environment

Photoelectrochemical devices integrate the processes of light absorption, charge separation, and catalysis for chemical synthesis. The monolithic design is interesting for space applications, where weight and volume constraints predominate. Hindered gas bubble desorption and the lack of macroconvection processes in reduced gravitation, however, limit its application in space. Physico‐chemical modifications of the electrode surface are required to induce gas bubble desorption and ensure continuous device operation. A detailed investigation of the electrocatalyst nanostructure design for light‐assisted hydrogen production in microgravity environment is described. p‐InP coated with a rhodium (Rh) electrocatalyst layer fabricated by shadow nanosphere lithography is used as a model device. Rh is deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) or photoelectrodeposition through a mask of polystyrene (PS) particles. It is observed that the PS sphere size and electrocatalyst deposition technique alter the electrode surface wettability significantly, controlling hydrogen gas bubble detachment and photocurrent–voltage characteristics. The highest, most stable current density of 37.8 mA cm−2 is achieved by depositing Rh via PVD through 784 nm sized PS particles. The increased hydrophilicity of the photoelectrode results in small gas bubble contact angles and weak frictional forces at the solid–gas interface which cause enhanced gas bubble detachment and enhanced device efficiency

C015 YIELD IMPROVEMENT

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENCE IN ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR MICRO- & NANO- SYSTEM