Cartographie Du Risque De Salinité Des Sols À L’aide De L’approche Des Indices Et Des Données Multi-Sources: Cas De La Plaine De Tadla Au Maroc

La salinisation est l’une des formes de dégradation des sols qui connait une extension spectaculaire et qui révèle des aspects de plus en plus inquiétants. Elle contribue à la diminution de la production agricole dans la plupart des zones irriguées du monde, notamment celles soumises à un climat aride ou semi-aride. Ce phénomène résulte des effets synergiques du climat, de la roche mère, de l’agressivité des conditions naturelles et des activités anthropiques. Dans ce contexte, la présente étude se fixe comme objectif de cartographier le risque de salinité des sols de la plaine de Tadla. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons adopté l’approche de l’Indice de Risque de Salinisation des Sols (IRSS) calculé à l’aide des données multi-sources (pédologiques, climatiques, hydrologiques et de salinité). La superposition des variables mises en jeu (la conductivité électrique de l’eau de nappe, la conductivité électrique de l’eau d’irrigation, la conductivité électrique du sol, la profondeur de la nappe, l’indice d’aridité, le type de climat, la pente, la texture et l’efficacité géologique) et leur pondération ont été réalisées à l’aide des SIG. Cette opération a permis de calculer l’indice IRSS et d’élaborer la carte de risque de salinité des sols de la zone d’étude. Cette approche basée sur l’IRSS a montré la présence de trois classes de risque de salinisation : léger, modéré et sévère. La classe de risque modéré domine avec une couverture de 76% de la superficie totale. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’intérêt de cette approche pour déterminer les zones à risque de salinisation afin de mieux gérer le risque de la salinisation des sols et réduire les effets de celle-ci sur la production agricole. Salinization is one of the forms of soil degradation that is expanding dramatically and is revealing increasingly worrying aspects. It contributes to the decline in agricultural production in most of the world's irrigated areas, especially those subject to arid or semi-arid climate. This phenomenon is the result of the synergistic effects of climate, bedrock, the aggressiveness of natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. In this context, the present study focuses on the mapping of salinity risk in the soils of Tadla Plain. To achieve this objective, we adopted the approach of the Soil Salinity Risk Index (SSRI) calculated using data from multiple sources (pedological, climatic, hydrological and salinity). The necessary variables (electrical conductivity of groundwater, electrical conductivity of irrigation water, electrical conductivity of soil, depth to groundwater, aridity index, climate type, slope, texture and geological efficiency) were overlaid and weighted using GIS. This operation allowed to calculate the SSRI and develop the soil salinity risk map of the study area. The use of the SSRI-based approach indicates the presence of three risk classes: light, moderate and severe. The moderate risk class dominates with a coverage representing 76% of the total area. The results obtained show the prospect of this approach to delineate areas of salinization risk to manage soil salinization and reduce its effects on agricultural production

Designing the Path for Soil Salinity Management: Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives in Morocco

Soil salinity is a significant threat to crop sustainability and food security. This review aims to provide the basis for effective soil salinity management by examining the different solutions to develop scientifically sound guidelines for farmers, maintain profitable agricultural production in saline farmland irrigated possibly with saline groundwater, and alleviate agricultural land degradation. A lesson learned from the Moroccan experience in tackling salinity is needed for integrating soil and water management and appropriate salt-tolerant crops with innovative agricultural practices as a package of saline agriculture. Moreover, regional and global cooperation to exchange emerging challenges, successful rehabilitation studies, and innovative solutions should be considered. This review concludes that no single parameter could be suggested as the only possible way for soil salinity rehabilitation

Mapping Soil Salinity Risk by Using an Index Approach

Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that negatively affects soil quality and persistently spreading, especially in arid and semi-arid climate. The present study focuses on the mapping of soil salinity risk in Tadla Plain. To achieve this goal, the approach of Soil Salinity Risk Index (SSRI) has been adopted. The use of SSRI based approach reveals the occurrence of three risk classes: low, moderate and severe. The moderate risk class dominates with a coverage representing 80% of the total area. The results achieved showed the prospect of this approach to delineate areas of soils prone to salinization risk