BEHAVIOR AND GLUTAMATE TRANSAMINASE CHANGES IN RAT EXPOSED TO LEAD AND TREATED BY WORMWOOD EXTRACT

Objective: Lead poisoning induced severe behavioral abnormalities and impaired cognitive functions in experimental animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the detrimental effects of lead exposure on the behavior of rats and its association with altered neurochemistry.Methods: Twenty-four young male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: G1: a control group receiving drinking water. G2: intoxicated group (Pb) exposed to lead acetate (1000 ppm in drinking water). G3: receives Wormwood aqueous (A. Ab) extract at a dose of 300 mg/l in drinking water. G4: rats are receiving Pb+A. Ab mixture for 4 additional weeks after intoxication for 8 w. In the present study, locomotors activity in rats was assessed by open field test (OFT) while anxiety and depressive behavior were monitored by elevated plus maze (EPM) and the forced swim test (FST), the evaluation of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in whole brain and lipid peroxidation was carried out in all groups.Results: our results showed that lead acetate intoxication increased the level of lipid peroxidation in brain, decreased brain glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities and increased glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Also, lead (pb) exposure resulted in increased anxiety and fear-related behavior in both elevated plus maze and light dark box tests, showed hyperactivity in open field test presented by increased horizontal locomotion. However, A. Ab extract reduced the TBARS level by preventing oxidative stress induced by lead and increased glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity.Conclusion: The wormwood extract administration reduced anxiety, fear and locomotion and improved learning ability and memories. Therefore, these results indicated that wormwood is ameliorating the deleterious effects of lead and it appeared to be a protective agent against lead-induced toxicity.Â

Effect of Aluminium and Aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis on rat Brain: Impact on Neurobehavioral and Histological study

'Rosmarinus officilnalis' is a plant used in Mediterranean diet and traditional medicine, possessing various antioxidant and cytoprotective bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of aqueous Rosemary extract (AER) against neurotoxicity induced by Aluminum (Al), in terms of behavioral, biochemical and histological aspects in young rats. an intraperitoneal injection of Al, at the weekly dose of 60mg/Kg was given to the animals. A treatment of 150mg/Kg/day of AER was administered by gavage over periods of 6 or 12weeks. Al caused intense changes over time in body and brain weight, increase in neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and deficiency in memory skills. Results show also disturbances in locomotors activity, with a significant inhibition of AchE and increase LDH activity compared to control. Additionally, Al induced structural damages in the cerebral cortex, and the CA1 region of hippocampus. However, treatment with AER resulted in improved depression and anxiety state, locomotors activity and restored memory skills. Results show that AER increase the AchE activity and decreased neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and the CA1 region of hippocampus with the 6weeks treatment but induced disruption and structural modification of brain tissue after the 12 weeks treatment. The Aqueous extract of Rosemary possess a neuroprotector and corrective effect against neurological alterations induced by Aluminum, but when administered over a long period of time, the extract can cause a no beneficial effect and morphologic modifications in cerebral tissue and behavior test. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, Aluminum, neuro-behavior, brain structure

Protective effect of Haloxylon salicornicum on hepatic and renal functions of Wistar rats exposed to aluminium

Aluminium is present in some manufactured medicines and foods. It is known that aluminium causes oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of Haloxylon salicornicum extract in modulating aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced oxidative stress in rats. Male rats (40 to 50 g) were divided into four groups of six animals each. The experimental protocol was based on the administration of AlCl3 (30 mg/kg/body weight) intraperitoneally (ip) every 5 days for 15 days. The groups treated with the plant receive daily dose of 0.05 g/kg/body weight. Increased level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, and creatinine in serum indicated hepatic and renal dysfunction. The variation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) were assessed. These parameters indicated the extent of oxidative damage in liver and kidney, thus confirming the histology results in liver and kidney. It was found that the consumption of H. salicornicum extract protects the liver and kidney against aluminium chloride toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the H. salicornicum extract on the damages caused by administration of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in young rats.Keywords: Aluminum chloride, Wistar rats, Haloxylon salicornicum, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione, catalas

Etude par immunochimie de la 5-aminolevulinate deshydratase de radis

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Beneficial Effect Administration of Vitamin C in Amelioration of Lead Hepatotoxicity

Previous human and experimental studies have demonstrated that lead exposure may modify the metabolism of lipid. Oxidative stress with subsequent lipid peroxidation has been postulated as one mechanism for lead toxicity. The protective action of vitamins C against lead affects lipid hydroperoxide level and liver functions in male rats has been studied. Experiments were performed on male waster rats with body weights of 120-160 g. Male wistar rats were exposed to 3 g/l lead acetate in drinking water for 5 weeks and treated thereafter with vitamin C (500 mg/kg, orally) for 28 days. One day after the feeding was over, venous blood samples, under chloroform anesthesia, were collected. The animals were killed by exsanguinations and the liver was excise for determination the metal content and histopathological changes. Similarly, the tissue lipid (lipid peroxidation) and the enzyme fraction (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and glutathione (GSH) were also measured in the liver. Metal content in blood and liver was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Administration of lead acetate (3 g/l) in drinking water for 5 weeks induced a significant increase in the levels of hepatic ALP, ACP and lipid peroxidation. Lead acetate exposure also produced detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver indicated by a significant decline in the levels of liver antioxidants such SOD, CAT and GSH. Further, there was a significant increase in the levels of lead in blood and liver of animals exposed to lead. However, oral administration of vitamin C at dose level of 500 mg/kg body weight reduced the alterations in the previous parameters. Histological examination of the liver also revealed pathophysiological changes in lead acetate-exposed group and treatment with vitamin C improved liver histology. The result of this study strongly indicate that vitamin C has got a potent antioxidant action against lead acetate induced hepatic damage in rats

Oxidative Stress Induction by Lead in Leaves of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Seedlings

Oxidative stress was induced by lead acetate (Pb) in Raphanus sativus seedlings grown in a hydroponic system using sand as substrate. Thirty day old acclimated seeds were treated for 7 days with five Pb levels (0 as control, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg l-1). Parameters such as growth, oxidative damage markers (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and hydrogen peroxide contents) and enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were investigated. Lead concentration in plant tissues increased with increasing of Pb levels. Shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration were significantly decreased at 100 mg l-1 Pb. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and H2O2 levels were increased at 500 and 1000 mg l-1 Pb compared to control treatment, in shoots. Peroxidase activity showed a straight correlation with H2O2 concentration, whereas CAT activity decreased only in shoots. These changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants showed that the Pb exposition had a significant disturbance on Raphanus sativus plantlets and affect the biochemical and physiological processes

The Protective Effect of Vitamin E Against Genotoxicity of Lead Acetate Intraperitoneal Administration in Male Rat

Lead is industrial pollutant that may have toxic effects on the male. The aim of this study was to further investigate the protective effects of vitamin E on lead acetate (Pb) induced reproductive toxicities and genotoxicity effects in male rat. Sexually mature male Wistar rats (weighing 120-160 g) were given Pb (20 mg/Kg) and vitamin E (600 mg/kg/rat) orally for 20 days. The sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology, chromosomal aberrations, FSH, LH and testosterone levels, and histopathological changes in the testes of these rats, were investigated at the end of 20 days. Result revealed a statistically significant (

Role of Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium) Extract on Oxidative Stress in Ameliorating Lead Induced Haematotoxicity

Effects of ROS generation have been postulated to be major contributors to lead-exposure related disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) on oxidative stress in rats protractedly exposed to lead. Aqueous extract of wormwood plant was administered orally (200 mg.kg−1 body weight). Plasma vitamin C, E and non-protein thiol concentrations, red blood cells (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione levels and haemolysis test were evaluated. In addition, RBC antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase were also estimated. After 11-weeks, significant decreases of plasma vitamin C, E, non protein-thiol (NP-SH) and RBC-reduced glutathione levels were observed in Pb compared to control group (−32.9%, −57.1%, −53.1%, −33.9%, respectively); superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, uric aminolevulinic acid and haemolysis test significantly increased in Pb compared to control group (+64.3%, +40.3%, +145%, +44.3%, respectively). In our investigation, after 4-weeks of treatment all treated groups did not show any difference compared to the control group, except for glutathione peroxidase and RBC-superoxide dismutase activity (−15.7% and +16.4%, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) extract restored the enzymes activities perturbed by exposure to lead, and had a protective role against lipid peroxidatio