A new design of an adaptive model of infectious diseases based on artificial intelligence approach: monitoring and forecasting of COVID-19 epidemic cases

Background Mathematical infectious disease models available in literature, mostly take in their design that the parameters of basic reproduction number R 0 and interval serial S I as constant values during tracking the outbreak cases. In this report a new intelligent model called HH-COVID-19 is proposed, with simple design and adaptive parameters. Methods The parameters R 0 and S I are adapted by adding three new weighting factors α, β and γ and two free parameters σ 1 and σ 2 in function of time t , thus the HH-COVID-19 become time-variant model. The parameters R 0 , S I , α, β, γ, σ 1 and σ 2 are estimated optimally based on a recent algorithm of artificial intelligence (AI), inspired from nature called Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), using the data of the confirmed infected cases in Algeria country in the first t = 55 days. Results Parameters estimated optimally: R 0 = 1.341, S I = 5.991, α = 2.987, β = 1.566, γ = 4.998, σ 1 = − 0.133 and σ 2 = 0.0324. R 0 starts on 1.341 and ends to 2.677, and S I starts on 5.991 and ends to 6.692. The estimated results are identically to the actual infected incidence in Algeria, HH-COVID-19 proved its superiority in comparison study. HH-COVID-19 predicts that in 1 May, the infected cases exceed 50 000, during May, to reach quickly the herd immunity stage at beginning of July. Conclusion HH-COVID-19 can be used for tracking any COVID-19 outbreak cases around the world, just should updating its new parameters to fitting the area to be studied, especially when the population is directly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection

Advancements and Prospects of Electronic Nose in Various Applications: A Comprehensive Review

An electronic nose, designed to replicate human olfaction, captures distinctive ‘fingerprint’ data from mixed gases or odors. Comprising a gas sensing system and an information processing unit, electronic noses have evolved significantly since their inception in the 1980s. They have transitioned from bulky, costly, and energy-intensive devices to today’s streamlined, economical models with minimal power requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the electronic nose technology domain, with a special focus on advancements over the last five years. It highlights emerging applications, innovative methodologies, and potential future directions that have not been extensively covered in previous reviews. The review explores the application of electronic noses across diverse fields such as food analysis, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics, including new domains like veterinary pathology and pest detection. This work aims to underline the adaptability of electronic noses and contribute to their continued development and application in various industries, thereby addressing gaps in current literature and suggesting avenues for future research

Decomposing global solar radiation into its diffuse and direct normal radiation

This work presents a model based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) to estimate the diffused solar radiation (DSR) and direct normal radiation (DNR) fractions of solar radiation from global solar radiation in a semiarid area in Algeria based on a database measured between 2013 and 2015. The data has been collected at Applied Research Unit for Renewable Energies, (URAER) at Ghardaia city situated in the south of Algeria. The experimental results show that RBF model estimates DNR and DSR with high performance. The difference between the measured and the predicted values show a normalised Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE) of 0.033 and 0.065 for DNR and DSR, respectively. The obtained values of Determination Coefficient (R²) and Correlation Coefficient (R) are: 97.3%, 98.60%, respectively for DNR and 88.89%, 91.12% For DSR

Nanostructured Materials for Enhanced Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising candidates for efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion technologies. Their high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility make them particularly attractive for various applications, ranging from stationary power generation to portable electronic devices. Recently, research has focused on utilizing nanostructured materials to enhance the performance of SOFCs. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advancements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of nanostructured materials integrated in SOFC. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental principles underlying SOFC operation, emphasizing the critical role of electrode materials, electrolytes, and interfacial interactions in overall cell performance, and the importance of nanostructured materials in addressing key challenges. It provides an in-depth analysis of various types of nanostructures, highlighting their roles in improving the electrochemical performance, stability, and durability of SOFCs. Furthermore, this review delves into the fabrication techniques that enable precise control over nanostructure morphology, composition, and architecture. The influence of nanoscale effects on ionic and electronic transport within the electrolyte and electrodes is thoroughly explored, shedding light on the mechanisms behind enhanced performance. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on nanostructured materials for SOFCs, this review aims to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers toward the development of high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable energy conversion systems

Моделювання анормальної поведінки діода Шотткі на основі 6H-SiC за допомогою функції Ламберта

Проведено електричне дослідження Ni i Ti металевих контактів Шотткі на епітаксійних шарах n-6H-SiC методом вольт-амперної характеристики. Ni/6H-SiC демонструє неоднорідну поведінку висоти бар'єру. Модель термоелектронної емісії поєднується з функцією Ламберта, щоб отримати явну форму рівняння Шотткі, а також визначити кількість гілок, необхідних для моделювання аномальної поведінки. Неоднорідну висоту бар'єру для досліджуваного переходу Ni/6H-SiC можна відтворити за допомогою моделі, що включає дві гілки Шотткі, які дають низький (L) і високий (H) бар'єри Шотткі ( L ϕbn = 0,92 еВ; H ϕbn = 1,56 еВ), а також низький і високий коефіцієнти ідеальності (nL = 1,93; nH = 1,23).Electrical study of Ni and Ti metals of Schottky contacts on n-6H-SiC epitaxial layers is performed, by current-voltage (I-V) characterization. Ni/6H-SiC shows inhomogeneous barrier height behavior. Thermionic emission model is coupled with the Lambert function to obtain an explicit form of the Schottky equation as well as to specify the number of branches necessary for modeling the abnormal behavior. The inhomogeneous barrier height for the investigated Ni/6H-SiC junction can be reproduced by a model that includes two Schottky branches, which give a low (L) and a high (H) Schottky barriers ( L ϕbn = 0.92 eV, H ϕbn = 1.56 eV), as well as give a low and a high ideality factors (nL = 1.93, nH = 1.23)

Comparative study of geometrical configuration at the thermal performances of an agricultural greenhouse

The aims objective of this work consists to study the storage system effects on the thermal performance of a tunnel agricultural greenhouse. The study focus on the use of the data climate analysis to predict the outside needs as comparison with another without storage system. The obtained results indicate that the outside needs are less than the no heated with 3 to 5°c during winter night. The thermal behavior of the greenhouse was study numerically and the results are corroborating with the literature. In addition, we conducted a comparative study designed to identify the optimal form of the greenhouse; two geometrical configuration are considered