Food and nutrition literacy status and its correlates in Iranian senior high-school students

Background: Planning interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy (FNL) require a better understanding of the FNL status of the target group and its correlates. Aims: This study aimed to examine the FNL status and its determinants in Iranian senior high-school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, FNL and its components (food and nutrition knowledge, functional skills, interactive skills, advocacy, critical analysis of information, and food label reading skill) were evaluated by a locally designed and validated, self-administered questionnaire. Besides, socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric measures, as well as academic performance of 626 senior high-school students were assessed. Results: The mean ± SD of the total FNL score (within potential range of 0 to 100) was 52.1 ± 10.96, which is below the minimum adequate level of 60. The probability of high FNL knowledge score was significantly higher among students who majored in Natural Sciences (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.09�2.75), had better school performance (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.06�1.20) and higher SES score (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01�1.44). The score for food label reading was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.45, CI = 0.31�0.67), while those who had a family member with the nutrition-related disease were more likely to have a higher score of food label reading skill (OR = 1.48, CI = 1.01�1.64). Conclusion: The level of FNL in senior high-school students in Tehran was relatively low. These findings have key messages for the education system and curriculum designers to have more consideration for food and nutrition-related knowledge and skills in schools. © 2021, The Author(s)

One decade "narcotic addicted patients with deep vein thrombosis" in st. Alzahra hospital of isfahan, iran

BACKGROUND: Behavior and substance addiction is one of the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The aim of this study investigating the relationship between the different clinical manifestations pattern of DVT with the way, the amount and duration of narcotic drugs in patients admitted to St. Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, during 10 years. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study we studied all of the patients with DVT in St. Alzahra Hospital since 2003-2013 were studied. FINDINGS: A total of 238 (59.1) of the patients were male and 165 (40.9) female. The mean age of men and women were 18.80 +/- 48 and 19.60 +/- 3.48 years old. The mean length of staying in the hospital was 5.40 +/- 7.20 days. Addiction among patients with DVT was 19.1. 28.2 of men suffered from DVT and 6 of the women were drug addicts (P < 0.001). Among the 77 patients taking the drug, 53.2 were heroin, 35.1opium, and 11.7 used other injectable drugs. The results showed that 19 patients (28.6) were taking the drug once daily, 27.3 twice a day, 6.5 three times a day, 15.6 once a week, and 26 taking the drug twice a week. From 403 patients, 2.2 had a problem in the upper limb, 44.4 in the left hand, and 55.6 in the right hand. The results showed that none of the 77 studied patients had involvement of upper limbs, but all of them in the lower limb. About 11.2 of studied patients were addicted to injective drugs. Also, 6 were addicted to non-injectable drugs and 2 to both injectable and non-injectable drugs. CONCLUSION: DVT has many risk factors and addiction and intravenously (IV) drug abuse one of the most important for this illness and this problem mast be noticed by health worker and physicians

Difficulties of Patients With Replaced Heart Valve in Kashan, 2001

Background: A great number of patients in our country have had valve replacement operation. Considering much problems and not being clear the rate of them in valve replaced patients in this area, this study was done in order to determine the difficulties of these people in Kashan in 2001.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study patients with replaced heart valve were examined. For each patient a questionnaire was completed consisting variables such as: age, sex, occupation, valve type, place and duration of valve replacement, dyspnea, hemoptysis, continuous cough, wheezing, palpitation, edema, blood pressure under 95 mm Hg, diet and nutritional habits like salt consumption, abnormal hemorrhage, contraception status, altered daily activities, and sleep difficulties like difficulty in onset of sleep, frequently and unwanted waking up during the sleep and insomnia. Using descriptive statistics, data were classified and presented. Chi square and Fischer exact tests were used for analysis.Results: Of 140 patients with replaced heart valve, 20 cases had died and 20 people had migrated. The others were 60 women and 40 men. Seventy-five patients ranged 21 - 50 years old. Mean age was 36 years old. Two patients had biologic and 98 patients had mechanical valve. Of participants, 70 cases had at least one respiratory problem. Most common respiratory problems including dyspnea and hemoptysis were associated with Biork Shaily valve (46.6 and 36.7 respectively). Wheezing was mostly related to Sent Jude valve (28.5). Highest rates of palpitation, edema and atrial fibrillation were observed in patients over 51(85.7, 14.3 and 90.4 respectively). Rates of sleep problems and altered daily activities were 60 and 70 respectively. Fifty-five percent of patients were not educated about care plan after surgery.Conclusion : dyspnea, hemorrhage, hemoptysis, decreased tolerance to activity, sleep disorders, atrial fibrillation and low blood pressure were the most common problems of patients with heart valve. On the other hand, rate of these problems were higher in uneducated patients than educated ones. Therefore, paying more attention to education of patients after cardiac valve surgery, and also more studies in this field are recommended

Clinical effects of Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction

Background: With respect to the efficacy of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the present study was conducted on CCU patients in Shaheed Beheshti hospital in Kashan in 1999-2000. We have determined the efficacy of streptokinase (Sk) based on anti-streptokinase before and after the treatment. Materials and Methods: For this clinical trial 45 patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected. Their diagnosis was made according to their clinical manifestations as well as EKG and paraclinical studies. Anti-streptokinase was measured by ELISA method. The efficacy of streptokinase was determined by Q wave in EKG.Results: Of 45 patients, 35 had low and 10 had high level of anti-streptokinase. In 35 patients (28 with low and 10 with high anti-streptokinase) the Q wave remained unchanged following the drug administration. Drug side effects were hypotension (15.5), bleeding (9) and allergic reactions (4.5). No mortality was reported. Conclusion: With respect to the high prevalence of streptococcal infections in our society, determining the anti-streptokinase level prior to the therapy is recommended. In case of low titer, we suggest streptokinase otherwise other thrombolytic agents should be administered

Evaluation of ascites and fluid composition in patients of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during the years 1993-2000

History and Objectives: Ascites is defined as fluid accumulation in peritoneal space and is one of the critical symptoms for background disorders. Considering its causative factors and lack of information in this respect, this study was performed on hospitalized patients admitted to Shaheed Beheshti hospital during the years 1993-2000. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on existing data of patients with ascites. For this purpose, their medical records were extracted and studies. Then, the characteristics including age, gender, diagnosis, ascites/serum albumin gradient and protein concentration were determined and recorded. Results: A total of 17 cases out of 117 patients excluded from the study because of death prior to diagnosis, early leave and absence of coordination for paracentesis. The studied patients had an average age of 55.8±18.4. In addition, 44 of them were female and 56 of them were male and most of them had an age greater than 60 years. The major causative factors included cirrhosis (66 in total, 80.4 for males and 47.7 for females), malignancy (20), heart failure (9), Tuberculosis (1) and mixed factors (4). Furthermore, in 36 out of cases with ascites as a result of cirrhosis (97.1), the albumin gradient was greater than 1.1. This value was 100 in patients with ascites due to cardiac disorders and its sensitivity was 92.8. Conclusion: It is concluded that the most common cause of ascites is hepatic cirrhosis and it is recommended to evaluate cirrhosis and determine albumin gradient for diagnostic goals