121 research outputs found
Learning in Repeated Games: Human Versus Machine
While Artificial Intelligence has successfully outperformed humans in complex
combinatorial games (such as chess and checkers), humans have retained their
supremacy in social interactions that require intuition and adaptation, such as
cooperation and coordination games. Despite significant advances in learning
algorithms, most algorithms adapt at times scales which are not relevant for
interactions with humans, and therefore the advances in AI on this front have
remained of a more theoretical nature. This has also hindered the experimental
evaluation of how these algorithms perform against humans, as the length of
experiments needed to evaluate them is beyond what humans are reasonably
expected to endure (max 100 repetitions). This scenario is rapidly changing, as
recent algorithms are able to converge to their functional regimes in shorter
time-scales. Additionally, this shift opens up possibilities for experimental
investigation: where do humans stand compared with these new algorithms? We
evaluate humans experimentally against a representative element of these
fast-converging algorithms. Our results indicate that the performance of at
least one of these algorithms is comparable to, and even exceeds, the
performance of people
Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System and the Future of Employability
Educational data is considered by researchers and data scientists as an indicator for the future predictions. The current research study aims for classifying IT alumni students into employed and unemployed. The data collected from two universities in Jordan. 781 of IT alumni students in two universities in Jordan participate in the current study. Three classifiers are compared to determine the most suitable one for predicting the future of IT students’ employability. The results show that Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System came as a suitable classifier for predicting IT students’ employment in Jordan. As gender, programming skills, and communication skills came as the most effective factors affecting IT recruitment field, a set of recommendations is presented to the ministry of higher education based on the significant factors affecting IT graduates employment. Keywords: employability, ANFIS, classification, data mining DOI: 10.7176/NCS/12-04 Publication date: January 31st 202
Corruption Drives the Emergence of Civil Society
Peer punishment of free-riders (defectors) is a key mechanism for promoting
cooperation in society. However, it is highly unstable since some cooperators
may contribute to a common project but refuse to punish defectors. Centralized
sanctioning institutions (for example, tax-funded police and criminal courts)
can solve this problem by punishing both defectors and cooperators who refuse
to punish. These institutions have been shown to emerge naturally through
social learning and then displace all other forms of punishment, including peer
punishment. However, this result provokes a number of questions. If centralized
sanctioning is so successful, then why do many highly authoritarian states
suffer from low levels of cooperation? Why do states with high levels of public
good provision tend to rely more on citizen-driven peer punishment? And what
happens if centralized institutions can be circumvented by individual acts of
bribery? Here, we consider how corruption influences the evolution of
cooperation and punishment. Our model shows that the effectiveness of
centralized punishment in promoting cooperation breaks down when some actors in
the model are allowed to bribe centralized authorities. Counterintuitively,
increasing the sanctioning power of the central institution makes things even
worse, since this prevents peer punishers from playing a role in maintaining
cooperation. As a result, a weaker centralized authority is actually more
effective because it allows peer punishment to restore cooperation in the
presence of corruption. Our results provide an evolutionary rationale for why
public goods provision rarely flourishes in polities that rely only on strong
centralized institutions. Instead, cooperation requires both decentralized and
centralized enforcement. These results help to explain why citizen
participation is a fundamental necessity for policing the commons.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures (Press embargo in place until publication
- …