A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

In Silico Design of Nitrocoumarins as Near-UV Photoinitiators: Toward Interesting Opportunities in Composites and 3D Printing Technologies

In this research, 31 nitrocoumarins (including 27 structures never reported in the literature) were designed through molecular orbital calculations and synthesized as high-performance near-UV–visible light photoinitiators of polymerization for a better understanding of their structure/reactivity/efficiency relationship. Based on their photoinitiating abilities examined during the free-radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates, different coumarins examined in this work can be classified into three main categories: (1) very reactive ones (Coum6,7,11,12&26); (2) moderately reactive nitrocoumarins (Coum1,2,16,20,21,23,25,27&28); and (3) nitrocoumarins of low reactivity (Coum3,4,5,8,9,10,13,14,15,17,18,19,22,24,29,30&31). Different techniques were used in order to understand their photoinitiating abilities as well as the associated chemical mechanisms. The real-time Fourier transform infrared technique has been used to follow the polymerization profiles (reactive function conversion (FCs) vs irradiation time). Different two- and three-component photoinitiating systems based on nitrocoumarin/iodonium salt (or N-phenylglycine (NPG) or ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate) and nitrocoumarin/iodonium salt/NPG were examined for the FRP of acrylates or/and the cationic polymerization of epoxides upon irradiation with a light-emitting diode at 405 nm as an unharmed and inexpensive irradiation source. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance techniques were also used to provide a full picture of the involved chemical mechanisms. Excellent polymerization performances (i.e., high final reactive FCs and also great rates of polymerization (Rp)) were obtained using these derivatives. Some applications in three-dimensional printing and composite synthesis are reported to highlight the interest of the proposed structures in modern technologies

In-silico based development of photoinitiators for 3D printing and composites: Search on the coumarin scaffold

In this work, the in-silico rational design of new photoinitiators by molecular modeling for specific wavelength (here 405 nm) and specific applications (3D printing, composites) is reported. A large number of (keto)coumarin derivatives were investigated by molecular modeling and their synthesis and more detailed photochemical investigations are based on obtaining structures having both excellent predicted light absorption properties @ 405 nm and high excited state energy levels (to ensure high photochemical reactivity). More particularly, four new families of coumarins were designed (4 of the 19 proposed coumarins were never synthesized (N2,M6,T1,T6)): the first family is based on Nitrocoumarins (N1-N6), the second one on Methoxybenzene-based coumarins and Ethoxycoumarins (M1-M6), the third one on Thiophene-based coumarins (T1-T6) and the last family studied concerns Alkyne-based coumarin (A1). The purpose of this work concerns the study of the photoinitiating ability of these compounds in different monomers for different polymerization processes (free radical, cationic) using FTIR technique. The different compounds reported in this work are very efficient to initiate the free radical polymerization of (meth)acrylates but also the cationic polymerization of epoxides upon mild irradiation conditions using a Light Emitting Diode (LED) at 405 nm as visible light source. Nitrocoumarins were identified as the best candidates for photoinitiation among the different families of coumarins investigated in this work. More precisely, nitrocoumarins are characterized by very good polymerization profiles, great final reactive function conversions (FC) and also high rates of polymerization (Rp). The electrochemical and pho-tochemical properties of the different compounds were also studied to get a deeper insight into the photo-chemical mechanisms supporting the initiation process. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is provided. Thanks to the astounding polymerization initiating ability of these coumarins, their use in 3D printing applications can be worthwhile. Remarkably, using these compounds, the preparation of photo-composites was possible even in difficult light penetration conditions resulting from the presence of fibers inside the resins

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)