Peranan nilai dengan perlakuan pelajar sekolah menengah

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat secara ringkas hubungan diantara nilai dengan perlakuan yang wujud dalam diri pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah. Di samping itu, ia juga bertujuan melihat peranan nilai dari aspek jantina, status sosioekonomi dan personaliti pelajar itu sendiri. Nilai dipecahkan lagi kepada lapan dimensi yang terdiri dari dimensi intelek, ekonomi, estetika, agama, sosial, moral, kesihatan dan kewarganegaraan dan kesannya terhadap perlakuan pelajar. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 350 orang pelajar Tingkatan dua yang dipilih berdasarkan perlakuan mereka yang direkod oleh pihak sekolah. Hasil kajian awal menunjukkan penggantungan nilai dengan perlakuan wujud disamping personaliti ekstrovert-introvert mempunyai hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan nilai dan dua dimensi nilai agama dan moral. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara pelajar yang mempunyai personaliti ekstrovert-introvert, berdisiplin dan tidak berdisiplin dengan nilai

The state of readiness of the interior design industry in the adoption of building information modelling in Malaysia

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a radically emerging technology approach for design, construction and facility management that is capable of facilitating building design and construction more efficiently. This work aims to assess the effectiveness of BIM implementation for interior design firms by looking at the opportunities and barriers involved. Is it practical for BIM to deal with implementation problems and improve work overall process efficiency? Or can it improve design knowledge and technology in interior design firms? The implementation of BIM in the interior design industry remains behind, as compared to other building professions. Preliminary studies demonstrate that lack of knowledge about BIM is among the reasons as to why interior design firms do not implement BIM technology. Hence, there is a vital need to identify why BIM technology is not implemented by interior design firms. The purpose of this work is to identify methods to improve the implementation of BIM in the interior design industry. The primary objective is to develop a conceptual framework for the implementation of BIM technology in the interior design firm. The methodology involves applying descriptive survey methods such as structured questionnaires and interviews for selected interior design firms. The study was conducted at 63 interior design firms located around the Klang Valley in Malaysia, which were selected by using three groups, namely, small, medium and large. Two methods of data were collected, namely, quantitative data (questionnaire) and qualitative data (interview). Data from the questionnaire was used to determine potential factors and barriers to BIM implementation, while the interview data describes in detail the questionnaire data. The findings reveal that the knowledge and costs implementation are the primary barriers as to why the interior design firms do not implement BIM. Additionally, technology and human resources are also barriers that are faced when implementing BIM in interior design firms. The study also found that large interior design firms do not face many barriers in the implementation of BIM, while small interior design firms face problems in the application of BIM. Subsequently, on the basis of quantitative and qualitative data, a conceptual framework was developed to increase the application of BIM in interior design firms. This framework was discussed and verified with interior design experts, and is intended to act as a guideline for the interior design industry in increasing the implementation of BIM. This study is crucial, as research on the implementation of BIM in the interior design industry is still lacking, and needs to be improved by reducing the identified barrier factors

Key Factors of BIM Implementation for Interior Design Firms in Malaysia

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process to improve and innovative tools for visualize the design phases, to coordinate the projects and to communicate the drawings and documentations as well as innovative technology in the construction industry. In Malaysia, BIM previously implemented by Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) but in the Interior Design (ID) industry is a new approach and the lacking of knowledge is the issue for interior design industry to implement BIM. This research is to identify the key factors of BIM implementation in the interior design industry from the analysis of research and literature review. Mix-method was applied in this research and data were analysed to identify the key factors in this research. Research was found several of key factors in the interior design industry while using BIM in Malaysia.  These factors will be isolated as variables and barriers for BIM implementation

Disc brake squeal occurrences under dry and wet brake pad conditions

This paper investigates the effect of water absorption in the brake pad on squeal noise occurrences. A series of brake noise tests is performed at different hydraulic pressure and rotating speed conditions using the laboratory brake test rig, Four brake pad conditions are examined and tested, namely dry, low water absorption, medium water absorption and high water absorption, The test results show that the dry brake pad produces fewer numbers of squeal occurrence compared to the other three wet pad conditions, These three wet pads are also generating high sound pressure level, i.e. 100 dBA and above. than that recorded by the dry pad

Integrated process design and control methodology for heat exchanger network

This paper explains about methodology framework development for integrated process design and control (IPDC) of heat exchanger network (HEN). In most of the IPDC HEN problems, the feasible solutions to the problems may lie in a relatively small portion of the search space due to the large number of variables and constraints involved. The ability to solve such problems depends on the effectiveness of the method of solution in identifying and locating the feasible solutions. Hence, one approach to solve this IPDC HEN problem is to apply a decomposition method. The method starts with defining the IPDC HEN problems and formulated as a mathematical programming. The IPDC HEN problem is decomposed into four hierarchical sequential stages: (i) target selection, (ii) HEN design analysis, (iii) controllability analysis, and (iv) optimal selection and verification. This method simultaneously combines the solution for both process design and process control problem by selecting a manipulated variable that represent both process design and process control which is minimum allowable temperature difference, ΔTmin. The decision on selection ΔTmin are guided by a new propose Trade-off plot that combine process design criteria and steady state process control criteria. A simple case study are used to demonstrate the methodology framework. The result shows that HEN with large ΔTmin is more flexible and easy to operate

Controllability analysis on delta temperature minimum to obtain operable and flexible heat exchanger network

The requirement to synthesis heat exchanger network (HEN) is to select design target, whichis temperature minimum difference (ΔTmin). The purpose of ΔTmin is to optimize betweencapital cost and energy recovery. Currently, research on 8Tmin effects on HEN is commonlyassociated with the design outcomes such as energy recovery and cost. There are severalresearch studies on the effect of 8Tmin towards HEN design. An optimal ΔTmin for heatexchanger network is set between 5oC to 50oC, (Kemp, 2011). Jensen and Skogestad (2008)explained about specified 8Tmin effect on the wrong decision in the design of HEN.Abdullahi (2012) has studied the effect on ΔTmin contribution for individual process streamin the heat exchanger system. Basically, HEN synthesis method using 8Tmin focus more ondesign prospective. Not so many studies on the 8Tmin effect to the controllability part.Based on a new trade-off plot proposed by Abu Bakar et al (2014), lower ΔTmin has betterdesign criteria (higher energy recovery), however, higher in total cost and lowercontrollability criteria (higher flexibility and lower sensitivity). On the other hand, higher8Tmin has lower design criteria, however, lower in total cost and higher in controllabilitycriteria

Crystallization of N-terminal Strep-tagged Fusion Lipase from Thermostable Bacillus sp. Strain 42.

Lipases have great potential to be used in industries due to their favourable properties such as substrate specific, enantiomerically selective, regioselective and mild reactions conditions. Lipases of microbial origin are generally more stable than lipases from animal or plant and as such they are useful source for industrial enzymes. A 1.2 kb lipase gene (AY 78735) [1], isolated from solvent stable and thermostable Bacillus sp. strain 42 was overexpressed using pET51b vector with E. coli host strain BL21(DE3) pLysS, in which the fusion lipase contains N-terminal Strep-tag II affinity tag [2]. The purified fusion lipase, at protein concentration of about 4.0 mg/mL, was induced to crystallize in 0.1 M MES buffer at pH 6.5 without the presence of salt, but in the presence of only 12% w/v PEG 20 000 as precipitant. Crystallization reactions were carried out using vapour diffusion methods at 16˚C. Crystals were formed after 12 hours incubation. The crystals with size measuring around 0.04 X 0.12 mm were shown to be heavily stained with protein dyes. Lip 42 lipase is highly homologous to three crystallized lipases from thermophilic Bacillus sp., namely T1 lipase [3], P1 lipase [4] and L1 lipase [5]. Lip 42 protein crystals, despite having almost 97% similar homology in amino acid sequence, showed a different shape and crystallization condition. The shape of Lip 42 crystal appeared to be partly attributed to the presence of N-terminal tag

Non-Monetary Incentives to Improve Job Performance at Property Company in Penang Malaysia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of nonmonetary incentives such as flexible working schedules, recognition and career development on job performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The respondents of the study were among employees who work with property company in Penang.In this study, the quantitative method was implemented. In assessing the relationship between the variables, a total of 91 questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential data analysis technique. The method of analysis used in this study includes reliability test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression.Findings: The findings of this research reveal that flexible working schedules, recognition and career development has significant relationship on employees’ job performance. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings of the study can be applied by the management of property company in their effort to enhance job performance of their employees by considering the determinant factors involved in this study, particularly in enhancing the non-monetary incentives.Moreover, this study may help in improving employees’ job performance and thereby gaining higher rewards and benefits to them.Consequently, the research provides guidance how non-monetary incentives works or give positive result in such a way it gives employees and organization enough satisfaction

Investigation of Potential of Solar Photovoltaic System as an Alternative Electric Supply on the Tropical Island of Mantanani Sabah Malaysia

This article reports on the potential use of a photovoltaic solar system on Mantanani Island. This island has its attractions in terms of flora and fauna as well as the uniqueness of its local community. The electricity supply status of the island is minimal, and the local electricity provider only provides two units of electrical generator that only supply energy from 18:00 to 06:00. This study is motivated by the hypothesis that if the target resident can obtain a better electricity supply, they can generate higher income and improve their standard of living. This study aims to identify the status of solar energy sources, estimate the basic electrical load, and conduct a techno-economic analysis of homestay enterprises of residents. Geostationary satellite data on solar energy resources were gathered and analyzed using Solargis. The electricity load was calculated based on the daily routine activities of the residents and usage of primary electrical appliances. Techno-economic analysis was done by determining the key parameters to calculate the return on investment and payback period. The results showed that Mantanani Island had great potential for implementing a photovoltaic system, by the estimated value of the total annual solar energy and peak sun hour of 1.447 MWh/m2/y and 4.05 h, respectively. The variation in total monthly solar energy was minimal, with a range of only 61.3 Wh/m2 . The calculated electrical load was 7.454 kWh/d. The technoeconomic assessment showed that the return on investment was MYR 3600 per year. However, the value of the payback period varies according to the value of the cost of capital spent. Regarding the cost of capital of this study, the shortest and longest payback periods achievable were 2.78 and 13.89 years, respectively. This calculation is in line with a photovoltaic system with a capacity of 2.2 kWp

Overexpression and characterization of strep-tagged thermostable organic solvent-stable lipase from Bacillus sp. strain 42

In addition to stability at high temperatures, thermophilic enzymes also possess great resistance against proteolysis, detergents and chaotropic agents (Sellek and Chaudhuri, 1999). For this reasons, there was more attention to consider for their future use in organic solvent. Bacillus sp. strain 42 producing a solventstable thermostable lipase was isolated from Malaysian palm oil mill effluent. The 1.2 kb gene (AY 787835) code for lipase was amplified using consensus primers based on multiple sequence alignment with thermostable genes. The gene was cloned into pQE-30UA and pET51b expression vectors. An overexpression was achieved in heterologous system using pET51b vector with Escherichia coli host strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The optimum expression was after 24 h incubation at 37 ◦C and lipase activity was at 80.0 U/ml culture (160.0 U/mg protein) after induction with 0.5mM IPTG. Under strong T7 promoter system, expression using pET51b/BL21(DE3)pLysS host-vector system is 11.5 fold higher compared to pQE-30UA/M15(pREP4) host-vector system which achieved at 17 U/ml culture (34 U/mg protein). The fusion lipase in pET51b contained Strep-tag II affinity tag that in one step of purification, the lipase was purified to homogeneity using Strep-tag II agarose column with 1.3-fold purification factor and 70% recovery. Sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyachrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-phage) analysis showed that the molecular weight of fusion lipasewas about 43 kDa. The purified lipasewasmost active at 70 ◦C and pH 8.0 and was stable in a broad pH range 7–10. The lipase showed high stability with half life of 315 min at 60 ◦C, for 125 min at 65 ◦C and 45 min at 70 ◦C. By 30 min incubation in 25% (v/v) solvents with shaking rate at 150 strokes per min, the solvent stability of the enzyme was different depending on solvents and temperatures. The lipase was more stable in polar organic solvent such as DMSO, DMF, acetone, methanol, heptanol and octanol. In thiswork, thermostable and organic solvent stable lipase gene from Bacillus sp. strain 42 was successfully identified and overexpressed into high expression vector pET51b using host BL21(DE3)pLysS, under the control of T7 expression mechanism. The fusion enzyme was successfully purifie to homogeneity using Strep-tag affinity tag, and characterized. Stability of enzyme in organic solvent with low partition coefficient value (log P) will enable its future industrial use, for instance in biodiesel production