Ideal Concept of Legal Policy in Dealing with Illegal Fishing

Illegal, Unregulated, and, and Unreported Fishing (IUU-Fishing) crime activities are defined as illegal, unreported and unlawful fishing practices. In practice, Indonesia is one of the most disadvantaged countries from the illegal fishing activities occuring in many Indonesian waters. Formulating an ideal legal policy in the handling of illegal fishing is a way out that can be used as a patron for Indonesia to deal with fishery crime. The law policy can be analyzed in Administration Law and Criminal Law approaches. Keywords: Concept of Legal Policy; Illegal Fishin

Illegal Fishing Eradication: Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia

Practice of illegal fishing is an obstacle in the practice of countries. Indonesia with a sea area of more than 5 million km2 is not an easy thing to overcome. Fisheries crimes or illegal fishing as a violation of the law of the seas is a serious threat because of the potential damage to the state’s economy. Illegal fishing or fisheries crimes are considered a type of that garners international attention. The handling of illegal fishing cases in practice is not a stand-alone thing but relates to various aspects/factors. Some factors are substance of law and structure of law. The substance of law includes all regulation such as the Law of Fisheries, the Law of Ratifying of UNCLOS, and Indonesia Criminal Code. The structure of Law consists of the police (water and air police), the ministry of marine and fisheries, the NAVY, Bakamla, and lastly Task Force 115. In Malasyia perspective, the substance of law is in Fisheries Act 1985 No.137 and the structure of law is the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA) and Marine Police. Keywords: Illegal Fishing; Eradication; Comparative Study

Legal Effectiveness in Combating Illegal Fishing

The fishery sector has an important and strategic role in the development of the national economy, especially in increasing the expansion of employment opportunities, income distribution, and improving the living standards of the nation in general, small fishermen, small fish farmers, and business actors in the field of fishery by maintaining the environment, sustainability, and availability of fish resources. To eradicate illegal fishing, Legal approaches can be applied to show how the law is working to deal with some issue in the society. In this context, the approach is an administrative law and a criminal law. The administrative law mechanisms are conducted in the form of permission and supervision and the criminal law mechanism is done in the form of identifying the problematical handling of illegal fisihing, inquiry and investigation of illegal fishing crime as well as the Establishment of Task Force for The Prevention and Eradication of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing. Keywords: Legal Effectiveness; Combating Illegal Fishin

Influence of built form in urban ventilation assessment of tropical cities with weak wind conditions

Urban ventilation is recognized as effective countermeasure on air pollution and urban heat island, yet most tropical urban areas receive low annual mean wind velocity thus lessening potential for urban ventilation. Effect of built form on resulting mean wind velocity at pedestrian-level was analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess effectiveness in urban ventilation of tropical cities with weak wind conditions based on three heterogeneous built form of Kampung Baru, Taman Keramat and Pantai Dalam which located in the city of Kuala Lumpur for wind direction from south and west. The urban density for the built form was characterized by using urban packing density parameter of frontal area ratio, ?f and the urban ventilation was assessed based on availability of pedestrian wind which described using wind velocity ratio, VR. Influence of built form in urban ventilation was found to be significant in affecting the mean wind velocity, where magnitude of VR at pedestrian-level was decreasing as the value of ?f of the built form increases. Suggestions to improve urban ventilation design in major development project are provided based on these findings

Effect of PEG Molecular Weight on the TiO2 Particle Structure and TiO2 Thin Films Properties

This research, deals with modification of sol gel process for the synthesis of porous TiO2-PEG thin films with good structural integrity for environmental self-cleaning applications. Relatively, by adding the PEG with various molecular weights (300, 400, and 600) could influence the formation of TiO2 films structure and adhesion. Moreover, the formation of porous TiO2 associated with larger pores will accelerate the mass transfer of the treated contaminants in the larger pore channels. The advantages of the unique structures of as-prepared TiO2₂ films in the application of environmental self-cleaning systems are extensively studied by characterizing the produced films using various advanced characterization tools. Adhesion of TiO2 thin films become smooth and better surface with increasing the coating layers. The X-ray Diffraction spectrum of prepared coating shows present of anatase phase as major phase

The Influence of Gouge Defects on Failure Pressure of Steel Pipes

Failure pressure of API X42 steel pipes with gouge defects was estimated through a nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. The effect of gouge length on failure pressure of different pipe diameters was investigated. Stress modified critical strain (SMCS) model was applied as in predicting the failure of the pipe. The model uses strain based criteria to predict the failure. For validation of the model, the FE results were compared to experimental data in literature showing overall good agreement. The results show that the gouge length has significant influence on failure pressure. A smaller pipe diameter gives highest value of failure pressure

Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviour of Welded AA6061 Aluminium Alloy in Seawater

The effect of various heat treatments on the corrosion behaviour of welded AA6061 aluminium alloy was investigated. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was used for welding butt joint specimens. Corrosion behaviour was determined in seawater solution using potentiodynamic polarization method. Microstructure and compositional analysis of base metal (BM) and weld metal (WM) was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The result indicated that BM consists of Fe-rich coarse intermetallic particles that behave as cathodic sites with respect to the matrix. Tafel plot showed that WM is cathode and give better corrosion resistance in different heat treatment compared to BM. Localized corrosion was observed on the corroded surfaces by SEM

Orange juice ultrafiltration:Characterisation of deposit layers and membrane surfaces after fouling and cleaning

The influence of feed condition and membrane cleaning during the ultrafiltration (UF) of orange juice for phytosterol separation was investigated. UF was performed using regenerated cellulose acetate (RCA) membranes at different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values with a 336 cm2 membrane area and a range of temperatures (10-40 °C) and different feed volumes (3-9 L). Fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) was applied to assess the fouling and cleaning behaviours of RCA membranes fouled by orange juice and cleaned using P3-Ultrasil 11 over two complete cycles. During the FDG testing, fouling layers were removed by fluid shear stress caused by suction flow. The cleanability was characterised by using ImageJ software analysis. A Liebermann-Buchard-based method was used to quantify the phytosterol content. The results show that RCA 10 kDa filters exhibited the best separation of phytosterols from protein in orange juice at 20 °C using 3 L feed with a selectivity factor of 17. Membranes that were fouled after two cycles showed higher surface coverage compared to one fouling cycle. The surface coverage decreased with increasing fluid shear stress from 0 to 3.9 Pa. FDG achieved 80-95% removal at 3.9 Pa for all RCA membranes. Chemical cleaning using P3-Ultrasil 11 altered both the membrane surface hydrophobicity and roughness. These results show that the fouling layer on RCA membranes can be removed by fluid shear stress without affecting the membrane surface modification caused by chemical cleaning.</p