TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL SESBANIA GALACTOMANNAN GUM DERIVATIVES AS THICKENERS IN REACTIVE PRINTING

Galactomannan gum isolated from the seeds of sesbania was subjected to chemical modification via carboxymethylation in non-aqueous medium using monochloroacetic acid under the catalytic action of sodium hydroxide. The obtained derivatives were subjected to measuring the degrees of substitution (D.S.), rheological properties of their pastes, and evaluated as thickeners in printing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes. Highly substituted derivatives could be used successfully as thickening agents in printing cotton fabrics either alone or in admixture with sodium alginate. Prints acquire soft handle, colour strength (K/S), and fastness properties nearly identical to corresponding samples that were printed using sodium alginate

Influence of certain carbon and nitrogen sources on antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtillus against Botrytis allii the incitant of onion neck rot

Gliotoxin Fermentation Agar (GFA) Medium and Nutrient Glucose Agar   (NGA) medium with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to study the impact of carbon and nitrogen sources on Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Bacillus subtillus Cohn antagonistic efficiency against growth of Botrytis allii Munn. Results indicated that Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest inhibition % in growth of Botrytis allii when Sucrose was used as a carbon source while the lowest values of inhibition% were appeared by application of Mannitol as a carbon source. Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest inhibition% in growth of B.allii when use Potassium nitrate  as a nitrogen source while the lowest values of inhibition% in growth of B.allii were obtained by application of Beef extract as a nitrogen source. Results showed also that Bacillus subtillus gave the highest inhibition% in growth of B.allii when Mannitol was used as a carbon source while the lowest values of inhibition% in growth of B.allii were appeared by application of Sucrose as a carbon source. Bacillus subtillus gave the highest inhibition% in growth of B.allii when use Glutamic acid as a nitrogen source while the lowest values of inhibition% in growth of B.allii were appeared by application of Tryptophan as a nitrogen source.

Role of phosphoric acid on the corrosion performance of Pb-1.7%Sb gridof lead-acid batteries

The corrosion behavior of a commercial Pb-1.7% Sb gridof lead-acid batteries under open circuit conditions in 5M H 2SO4 in the presence of phosphoric acid is studiedby electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclicvoltammetry. Dependence of corrodibility of the alloy onH 3PO4 concentration is weak up to 0.7M. After days ofcorrosion, the corrosion rate in the presence of H 3PO4 isslightly higher than in its absence, due to retardation of the growth of an insulating PbSO 4 layer that acts as an effective diffusion barrier of the corrosive species. The electronic and diffusion properties of the passive layer formed in the presence of H 3PO4 are substantially inferior. Cyclic voltammetry indicates a decrease in amounts of PbSO 4 and Sb 2O3 formed in the presence of H3PO4 and with increasing its concentration. Also, the amount of PbO formed beneath the PbSO 4 layer increases with increasing H3PO4 concentration on the expense of the amount of PbSO 4

Electrochemical Performance of Grids of Lead-acid Batteries made from Pb-0.8%Ca-1.1%Sn Alloys Containing Cu, As and Sb Impurities in the presence of phosphoric acid

Electrochemical performance of grids of lead-acid Batteries manufactured from Pb-0.8%Ca-1.1%Sn alloys containing Cu, As and Sb impurities at 0.1 wt% level were studied in 4.0 M H2SO4 without and with 0.4 M H3PO4. The presence of impurities in the alloy or addition of H3PO4 was found to suppress the corrosion rate. H3PO4 increased the rates of both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions at high overpotentials for all alloys. Except for Cu-containing alloy, H3PO4 had a slight positive effect on PbO2 formation.The self-discharge of PbO2 under polarization or opencircuitconditions increased in the presence of H3PO4 but the positive grid corrosion decreased, except for the As-containing alloy. Impurity-containing alloys showed significantly lower self-discharge rate in the presence of H3PO4 than in its absence. Impedance measurement was able to detect and quantify the formation of the highly insulating inner PbO layer beneath the outer PbSO4 layer and its transformation to the conducting PbO2, during the oxidation of alloys under constant current conditions.H3PO4 significantly enhanced the formation of PbO in thepresence of impurities, especially Sb

Implementation of the 2013 Curriculum

The 2013 curriculum still faces various hurdles in its implementation in Indonesian schools. The current study evaluates the strategy used by an elementary school in Tangerang City, Indonesia for implementing the 2013 curriculum program. The study used a qualitative descriptive method and an evaluation approach by Sugiono Throry. The evaluation model was the CIPP model and the data collection technique was technical triangulation. Data sources were retrieved using source triangulation. Data analysis was carried out following Milles and Huberman’s theory and SWOT analysis. The results indicated that a few obstacles still exist in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum program, and the authors recommend schools to rectify them through continuous improvements. Keywords: evaluation, implementation, CIPP, 2013 curriculu

Analgesic efficacy and safety of peri-operative pregabalin following radical cystectomy: A dose grading study

AbstractPurposeAdding novel drugs like pregabalin to analgesic regimens might reduce postoperative pain, total opioid consumption and side effects, this study compares multiple doses of pregabalin for postoperative analgesia following radical cystectomy.MethodsThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov at no.: NCT02724293. Sixty patients were randomized into 4 groups: Group I: control (placebo) group, Group II: received pregabalin 300mg 2h preoperatively, Group III: received pregabalin 300mg 2h preoperatively and 12h thereafter, Group IV: received pregabalin 600mg 2h preoperatively. Postoperative pain, time to first request of analgesia, and total morphine consumption were recorded.ResultsVAS was significantly reduced in groups II, III, IV in comparison with group I immediately postoperative, and after 2h (P<0.05). Sedation score was significantly higher in groups II, III, IV compared to group I immediately postoperative (P<0.05). First request of analgesia was significantly delayed in groups II, III, IV compared to control group (P=0.000). Total analgesic consumption was significantly reduced in groups II, III, IV compared to group I (P=0.000). Group IV showed a significantly higher incidence of dizziness compared to group I.ConclusionPeri-operative pregabalin at doses of 300mg and 600mg reduced postoperative opioid consumption and prolonged time to first request of analgesia in patients who underwent radical cystectomy, and a single preoperative dose of 600mg is superior in analgesia to others, without serious side effects

Effect of Triple Treatment on the Surface Structure and Hardness of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Nitriding, annealing, and carbonitriding processes are conducted to modify the surface of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel via radio frequency plasma. A ~20 μm thick nitride layer is obtained in ten minutes at a plasma power of 450 W. Hence, all nitrided samples are annealed under vacuum for one hour at 400 ̊C. The nitrided-annealed samples are carbonitrided via the identical technique at various C2H2/N2 gas pressure ratios. Numerous analytical techniques, including X-ray diffractometry, glow discharge optical spectroscopy (GDOS), Talysurf Intra Profilemeter, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers microhardness tester, were employed to investigate the triple-treated specimens. Microstructure analysis of the triple-treated samples reveals the formation of N2 expanded austenite phase (γN), γʹ-Fe4N, CrN, Fe3C, and Fe7C3. The results indicate that the elemental composition, microhardness, and thickness of the triple-treated layers are all depending on the gas composition. After carbonitriding, the total thickness of the compound layer grew from ~20 to ~34.5 μm. The surface microhardness of the triple-treated samples increased as the C2H2/N2 gas composition ratio increased up to 70%, reaching 1,497±33.5 HV0.1, which is ~6.8 and ~1.42 folds higher than the untreated and prenitrided samples, respectively

Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-Fumaric Acid Coupled Addition on the In Vitro

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-fumaric acid coupled addition on in vitro methangenesis and rumen fermentation. Evaluation was carried out using in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal contents were collected from five steers immediately after slaughtering and used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms. Rumen fluid was then mixed with the basal diet of steers and used to generate four treatments, negative control (no additives), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) treated, fumaric acid treated, and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition treated. The results revealed that, relative to control, efficiency in reduction of methanogenesis was as follows: coupled addition > SLS-addition > fumaric acid addition. Both SLS-addition and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition demonstrated a decremental effect on ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)–N), total short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFAs) concentrations and the amount of substrate degraded, and an increment effect on microbial mass and microbial yield (Y(ATP)). Nevertheless, fumaric acid did not alter any of the previously mentioned parameters but induced a decremental effect on NH(3)–N. Furthermore, both fumaric acid and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition increased propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate, while, defaunation increased acetate at the expense of propionate and butyrate. The pH value was decreased by all treatments relative to control, while, cellulase activity did not differ by different treatments. The current study can be promising strategies for suppressing ruminal methane emissions and improving ruminants feed efficiency

Electrical performance study of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell using a current shunt and a micropotentiometer

In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation

Current Status and Utilization of Oral and Dental Health Services in Gezira State (2005-2009)

&nbsp;Objective:&nbsp; This study aimed to assess the status of the present dental and oral health services&nbsp;&nbsp; in the Gezira state.&nbsp; Methods: The study areas comprise of three clusters: urban, suburban and rural. Five study sites in the urban area, four sites in suburban area around Wad Medani and 12 sites in the rural area were chosen from the six localities of Gezira State . The households study sample was as follows: 100 in the urban area, 108 in the rural area and 52 in the suburban area. The study tools were direct pre-coded questionnaires, household survey and observation checklist. The procedure involved household interview to evaluate dental&nbsp; status of dental health professionals, equipment and materials in order to assess dental health services. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze and present the data. The SPSS Statistical Programme using Microsoft Windows was used. Results: This result revealed absolute lack of dental services in the rural and relative lack of services in suburban areas. The present unit is old and most of them were incomplete and not functioning. This was the reason that some of rural and suburban populations seek oral health services in Wad Medani health institutions. Most of the patients irrespective of their residence preferred treatment at private dental clinics because they expect better care due to good facilities Recommendation: Establishing new dental units with good facilities distributed in different localities and rehabilitation of dental units provided to Elhasaheisa and Elmanagil dental departments with equipments and dental specialties to become specialized dental hospitals to cover the population needs and demand dental services for the surrounding areas