10 research outputs found

    Sandwich-like construction of a new aminated chitosan Schiff base for efficient removal of Congo red

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    Abstract Herein, a novel sandwich-like α-ketoglutaric acid Schiff base-aminated chitosan composite (α-kGl-AmCsSB) was fabricated by reacting α-ketoglutaric acid and aminated chitosan. The as-fabricated α-kGl-AmCsSB was inspected by diversified characterization tools to determine its morphology, surface charge, and chemical composition as well as define the linkage pathway between α-kGl and AmCs. The SEM images demonstrated a spongy network of AmCs with interconnected pores structure which turned to a quite rough surface due to the linkage of α-kGl to the free amine groups of AmCs. Notably, the XPS and FTIR spectra suggested the linkage of α-kGl to the amine group of AmCs. The experimental results implied the superior adsorption efficiency of Congo red (CR) onto α-kGl-AmCsSB since the maximum adsorption capacity (q max) reached 434.78 mg/g at 25 °C and pH 3. Based on kinetics data, the adsorption of CR on α-kGl-AmCsSB followed pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, D-R model infers that the CR adsorption onto α-kGl-AmCsSB occurred via physical interactions since the E value  72%. More importantly, the adsorption mechanism of CR onto α-kGl-AmCsSB was proposed and discussed. Ultimately, the novel sandwich-like α-kGl-AmCsSB exhibited advanced adsorption performance toward CR along with excellent reusability. Based on these results, we recommend more modifications on α-kGl-AmCsSB for exploiting its remarkable advantages and applying it on a large scale

    Machine learning for membrane design in energy production, gas separation, and water treatment: a review

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    Membrane filtration is a major process used in the energy, gas separation, and water treatment sectors, yet the efficiency of current membranes is limited. Here, we review the use of machine learning to improve membrane efficiency, with emphasis on reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, pervaporation, removal of pollutants, pathogens and nutrients, gas separation of carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen, fuel cells, biodiesel, and biogas purification. We found that the use of machine learning brings substantial improvements in performance and efficiency, leading to specialized membranes with remarkable potential for various applications. This integration offers versatile solutions crucial for addressing global challenges in sustainable development and advancing environmental goals. Membrane gas separation techniques improve carbon capture and purification of industrial gases, aiding in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.<br/

    A comprehensive review on LDH-based catalysts to activate persulfates for the degradation of organic pollutants

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    Abstract Degradation of organic contaminants into less toxic substances is the best option to remove these compounds rather than using conventional techniques. The sulfate radical-based-advanced oxidation process is an effective strategy that degrades organic contaminants by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Such a strategy generates singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl (  ⁣OH^ \bullet \!{{{\mathrm{OH}}}} ∙ OH ), and sulfate ( SO4 ⁣{{{\mathrm{SO}}}}_4^{ \bullet\! - } SO 4 ∙ − ) radicals. SO4 ⁣{{{\mathrm{SO}}}}_4^{ \bullet \!- } SO 4 ∙ − is distinguished by its high oxidation selectivity and activity toward the degradation of organic contaminates compared to other radicals. Various catalysts are employed in PMS activation including layered doubled hydroxides (LDHs), which are characterized by their facile synthesis and high catalytic activity. This review article is the first attempt to compile the recent progress in the degradation of common organic pollutants including aromatic compounds, pharmaceutical residues, and dyes via the PMS activation using LDH-based catalysts. The degradation pathways, reaction parameters’ influence, stability of LDHs, and comparisons between different LDH-based catalysts are investigated in this work

    Iron oxide nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications

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    The importance of different polymorphic forms of iron oxide nanoparticles attracted a lot of attentions in various applications due to their unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Moreover, the excellent biocompatibility, high surface area, spherical shape, tunable nanoscale size and the availability of synthesis route make them desirable in various biological and pharmaceutical applications. To this aim, in this review, different synthesis methods of iron oxide nanoparticles were discussed, also the main characterization techniques used for elucidation of the iron oxide nanoparticles were reviewed. The exploitation of iron oxide nanoparticles-based systems as anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial agents and its involvement in drug delivery system were reviewed in details. Additionally, the influence of nanoparticles size and the reagent type and conditions utilized in synthesis and their pharmaceutical applications was highlighted

    Advances in hydrogen storage materials: harnessing innovative technology, from machine learning to computational chemistry, for energy storage solutions

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    The demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions is escalating as the global population grows and economies develop. Fossil fuels, which currently dominate the energy sector, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. In response to these challenges, hydrogen storage technologies have emerged as a promising avenue for achieving energy sustainability. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in hydrogen storage materials and technologies, emphasizing the importance of efficient storage for maximizing hydrogen's potential. The review highlights physical storage methods such as compressed hydrogen (reaching pressures of up to 70 MPa) and material-based approaches utilizing metal hydrides and carbon-containing substances. It also explores design considerations, computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and machine-learning techniques employed in developing efficient hydrogen storage materials. This comprehensive analysis showcases the potential of hydrogen storage in addressing energy demands, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and driving clean energy innovation.<br/

    Synthesis and potential applications of cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks: a review

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    Metal–organic frameworks are porous polymeric materials formed by linking metal ions with organic bridging ligands. Metal–organic frameworks are used as sensors, catalysts for organic transformations, biomass conversion, photovoltaics, electrochemical applications, gas storage and separation, and photocatalysis. Nonetheless, many actual metal–organic frameworks present limitations such as toxicity of preparation reagents and components, which make frameworks unusable for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here, we review the structure, synthesis and properties of cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks that could be used in bioapplications. Synthetic methods include vapor diffusion, microwave-assisted, hydro/solvothermal, and ultrasound techniques. The vapor diffusion method can produce cyclodextrin-based metal–organic framework crystals with particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to 400 μm. Applications comprise food packaging, drug delivery, sensors, adsorbents, gas separation, and membranes. Cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks showed loading efficacy of the bioactive compounds ranging from 3.29 to 97.80%

    Synthesis of green nanoparticles for energy, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and food applications: a review

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    Nanomaterials have been rapidly developed during the last decades, yet many nanoparticles synthesized by classical methods are toxic and their synthesis procedure is not sustainable. Here we review the green synthesis of nanoparticles from biomass and waste with a focus on synthetic mechanisms and applications in energy production and storage, medicine, environmental remediation, and agriculture and food. Biomass use for synthesis include microorganisms, fungi, plants, and agro-industrial bio-waste. Compared to conventional synthesis, green synthesis allows a 30% reduction in energy consumption, cost savings of up to 40%, and a 50% increase in production output. Biomedical applications comprise antibacterials, anticancers, antioxidants, and drug delivery mechanisms. Carbon quantum dots and photovoltaics are discussed in the energy section. Agricultural and food applications focus on nanofertilization, pest control, and food quality. Environmental remediation includes water and soil purification.<br/

    Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

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    Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral and circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass with focus on pyrolysis products and mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, economy, and life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, and biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification and transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, and the use of supercritical fluids. We examined the economic viability in terms of profitability, internal rate of return, return on investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, and net present value. We also reviewed 20 recent studies of life cycle assessment. We found that the pyrolysis method highly influenced product yield, ranging from 9.07 to 40.59% for oil, from 10.1 to 41.25% for biochar, and from 11.93 to 28.16% for syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, and reaction retention time were the main factors controlling the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis mechanisms include bond breaking, cracking, polymerization and re-polymerization, and fragmentation. Biochar from residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied to the soil and has thus the potential to remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons of atmospheric carbon dioxide annually. The generation of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis process is estimated to be economically feasible.<br/
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