Correlation between Gene Polymorphisms of Prostaglandin D Receptor and Severity of Asthma in Children

Background: Patients, their families and the community suffer a heavy burden when it comes to asthma because it is both common and possibly life-threatening. It has been postulated that arachidonic acid's most prevalent cyclooxygenase metabolite, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is a mast cell activation marker in asthma. Objective: To evaluate association between PGDR-441 polymorphism with risk factors, laboratory characteristics, and severity of asthma in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Forty Egyptian children were genotyped using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) to assess single nucleotide polymorphism of PTGDR2 receptors. Selected cases were classified according to GINA guidelines and spirometrically assessed to evaluate pulmonary functions. Results: There is significant difference between mild, moderate and severe asthma regarding total IgE level(P1<0.001). 68.0% of the studied patients had Homogenous PGDR2(TT) and 32% had Heterozygous PGDR2(TC). There were no statistically significant associations between PGDR2 Polymorphisms and both of asthma risk factors and laboratory characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference between PGDR2 Polymorphisms and bronchial asthma severity of the studied patients. Heterozygous PGDR2 was associated with more severe bronchial asthma. Conclusion: Our study showed a strong relationship between polymorphism of PTGDR2 receptor and severity of bronchial asthma

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially