771 research outputs found
Measurement of Optical Response of a Detuned Resonant Sideband Extraction Interferometer
We report on the optical response of a suspended-mass detuned resonant
sideband extraction (RSE) interferometer with power recycling. The purpose of
the detuned RSE configuration is to manipulate and optimize the optical
response of the interferometer to differential displacements (induced by
gravitational waves) as a function of frequency, independently of other
parameters of the interferometer. The design of our interferometer results in
an optical gain with two peaks: an RSE optical resonance at around 4 kHz and a
radiation pressure induced optical spring at around 41 Hz. We have developed a
reliable procedure for acquiring lock and establishing the desired optical
configuration. In this configuration, we have measured the optical response to
differential displacement and found good agreement with predictions at both
resonances and all other relevant frequencies. These results build confidence
in both the theory and practical implementation of the more complex optical
configuration being planned for Advanced LIGO.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, for submission to Phys Rev Letter
Hairy Black Holes in String Theory
Solutions of bosonic string theory are constructed which correspond to
four-dimensional black holes with axionic quantum hair. The basic building
blocks are the renormalization group flows of the CP1 model with a theta term
and the SU(1,1)/U(1) WZW coset conformal field theory. However the solutions
are also found to have negative energy excitations, and are accordingly
expected to decay to the vacuum.Comment: 14 pages (References added
Non-Extreme and Ultra-Extreme Domain Walls and Their Global Space-Times
Non-extreme walls (bubbles with two insides) and ultra-extreme walls (bubbles
of false vacuum decay) are discussed. Their respective energy densities are
higher and lower than that of the corresponding extreme (supersymmetric),
planar domain wall. These singularity free space-times exhibit non-trivial
causal structure analogous to certain non-extreme black holes. We focus on
anti-de~Sitter--Minkowski walls and comment on Minkowski--Minkowski walls with
trivial extreme limit, as well as walls adjacent to de~Sitter space-times with
no extreme limit.Comment: Revised version, 4 pages of REVTEX, UPR-546-T/Rev. Two figures not
included. This version contains further elaboration of the space-time causal
structur
Detecting a light Higgs boson at the Fermilab Tevatron through enhanced decays to photon pairs
We analyze the prospects of the Tevatron for finding a Higgs boson in the two
photon decay mode. We conclude that the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson will
likely not be discovered in this mode. However, we motivate several theories
beyond the SM, including the MSSM, that predict a Higgs boson with enhanced
branching fractions into photons, and calculate the luminosity needed to
discover a general Higgs boson at the Tevatron by a two-photon invariant mass
peak at large transverse momentum. We find that a high luminosity Tevatron will
play a significant role in discovering or constraining these theories.Comment: 20 pages, latex, 5 figure
Triangulation of gravitational wave sources with a network of detectors
There is significant benefit to be gained by pursuing multi-messenger
astronomy with gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations. In order to
undertake electromagnetic follow-ups of gravitational wave signals, it will be
necessary to accurately localize them in the sky. Since gravitational wave
detectors are not inherently pointing instruments, localization will occur
primarily through triangulation with a network of detectors. We investigate the
expected timing accuracy for observed signals and the consequences for
localization. In addition, we discuss the effect of systematic uncertainties in
the waveform and calibration of the instruments on the localization of sources.
We provide illustrative results of timing and localization accuracy as well as
systematic effects for coalescing binary waveforms.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Extensive air showers with TeV-scale quantum gravity
One of the possible consequences of the existence of extra degrees of freedom
beyond the electroweak scale is the increase of neutrino-nucleon cross sections
() beyond Standard Model predictions. At ultra-high energies
this may allow the existence of neutrino-initiated extensive air showers. In
this paper, we examine the most relevant observables of such showers. Our
analysis indicates that the future Pierre Auger Observatory could be
potentially powerful in probing models with large compact dimensions.Comment: 7 pages revtex, 5 eps fig
Supramammillary glutamate neurons are a key node of the arousal system
Basic and clinical observations suggest that the caudal hypothalamus comprises a key node of the ascending arousal system, but the cell types underlying this are not fully understood. Here we report that glutamate-releasing neurons of the supramammillary region (SuMvglut2) produce sustained behavioral and EEG arousal when chemogenetically activated. This effect is nearly abolished following selective genetic disruption of glutamate release from SuMvglut2 neurons. Inhibition of SuMvglut2 neurons decreases and fragments wake, also suppressing theta and gamma frequency EEG activity. SuMvglut2 neurons include a subpopulation containing both glutamate and GABA (SuMvgat/vglut2) and another also expressing nitric oxide synthase (SuMNos1/Vglut2). Activation of SuMvgat/vglut2 neurons produces minimal wake and optogenetic stimulation of SuMvgat/vglut2 terminals elicits monosynaptic release of both glutamate and GABA onto dentate granule cells. Activation of SuMNos1/Vglut2 neurons potently drives wakefulness, whereas inhibition reduces REM sleep theta activity. These results identify SuMvglut2 neurons as a key node of the wakeâsleep regulatory system
Local and global gravitational aspects of domain wall space-times
Local and global gravitational effects induced by eternal vacuum domain walls
are studied. We concentrate on thin walls between non-equal and non-positive
cosmological constants on each side of the wall. These vacuum domain walls fall
in three classes depending on the value of their energy density : (1)\
extreme walls with are planar, static walls
corresponding to supersymmetric configurations, (2)\ non-extreme walls with
correspond to
expanding bubbles with observers on either side of the wall being {\em
inside\/} the bubble, and (3)\ ultra-extreme walls with represent the bubbles of false
vacuum decay. On the sides with less negative cosmological constant, the
extreme, non-extreme, and ultra-extreme walls exhibit no, repulsive, and
attractive effective ``gravitational forces,'' respectively. These
``gravitational forces'' are global effects not caused by local curvature.
Since the non-extreme wall encloses observers on both sides, the supersymmetric
system has the lowest gravitational mass accessable to outside observers. It is
conjectured that similar positive mass protection occurs in all physical
systems and that no finite negative mass object can exist inside the universe.
We also discuss the global space-time structure of these singularity free
space-times and point out intriguing analogies with the causal structure of
black holes.Comment: UPR-565-T, 26 REVTEX pages, 10 figures available upon reques
Testing gravitational-wave searches with numerical relativity waveforms: Results from the first Numerical INJection Analysis (NINJA) project
The Numerical INJection Analysis (NINJA) project is a collaborative effort
between members of the numerical relativity and gravitational-wave data
analysis communities. The purpose of NINJA is to study the sensitivity of
existing gravitational-wave search algorithms using numerically generated
waveforms and to foster closer collaboration between the numerical relativity
and data analysis communities. We describe the results of the first NINJA
analysis which focused on gravitational waveforms from binary black hole
coalescence. Ten numerical relativity groups contributed numerical data which
were used to generate a set of gravitational-wave signals. These signals were
injected into a simulated data set, designed to mimic the response of the
Initial LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors. Nine groups analysed this
data using search and parameter-estimation pipelines. Matched filter
algorithms, un-modelled-burst searches and Bayesian parameter-estimation and
model-selection algorithms were applied to the data. We report the efficiency
of these search methods in detecting the numerical waveforms and measuring
their parameters. We describe preliminary comparisons between the different
search methods and suggest improvements for future NINJA analyses.Comment: 56 pages, 25 figures; various clarifications; accepted to CQ
The Collider Phenomenology of Technihadrons in the Technicolor Straw Man Model
We discuss the phenomenology of the lightest SU(3)_C singlet and non-singlet
technihadrons in the Straw Man Model of low-scale technicolor (TCSM). The
technihadrons are assumed to be those arising in topcolor--assisted technicolor
models in which topcolor is broken by technifermion condensates. We improve
upon the description of the color--singlet sector presented in our earlier
paper introducing the TCSM (hep-ph/9903369). These improvements are most
important for subprocess energies well below the masses of the technirho and
techniomega, and, therefore, apply especially to e+e- colliders such as LEP and
a low--energy linear collider. In the color--octet sector, we consider mixing
of the gluon, the coloron V_8 from topcolor breaking, and four isosinglet
color--octet technirho mesons. We assume, as expected in walking technicolor,
that these technirhos decay into qbar-q, gg, and g-technipion final states, but
not into technipion pairs. All the TCSM production and decay processes
discussed here are included in the event generator Pythia. We present several
simulations appropriate for the Tevatron Collider, and suggest benchmark model
lines for further experimental investigation.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figure
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