1,804 research outputs found
Immigrant Earnings Differences Across Admission Categories and Landing Cohorts in Canada
This study uses longitudinal IMDB micro data to document the annual earnings outcomes of Canadian immigrants in four major admission categories (skill-assessed independent economic principal applicants, accompanying economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees) and three annual landing cohorts (those for the years 1982, 1988, and 1994) over the first ten years following their landing in Canada as permanent residents. The findings provide a ten-year earnings signature for the four broad immigrant admission categories in Canada. The study’s first major finding is that skill-assessed economic immigrants had consistently and substantially the highest annual earnings levels among the four admission categories for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts. Family class immigrants or refugees generally had the lowest earnings levels. An important related finding is that refugees exhibited substantially the highest earnings growth rates for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts, while independent economic or family class immigrants generally had the lowest earnings growth rates over their first post-landing decade in Canada. The study’s second major finding is that economic recessions appear to have had clearly discernible negative effects on immigrants’ earnings levels and growth rates; moreover, these adverse effects were much more pronounced for male immigrants than for female immigrants.Immigrant earnings, admission categories, Canadian immigrants
Dyonic Giant Magnons in CP^3: Strings and Curves at Finite J
This paper studies giant magnons in AdS_4 x CP^3 using both the string
sigma-model and the algebraic curve. We complete the dictionary of solutions by
finding the dyonic generalisation of the CP^1 string solution, which matches
the `small' giant magnon in the algebraic curve, and by pointing out that the
solution recently constructed by the dressing method is the `big' giant magnon.
We then use the curve to compute finite-J corrections to all cases, which for
the non-dyonic cases always match the AFZ result. For the dyonic RP^3 magnon we
recover the S^5 answer, but for the `small' and `big' giant magnons we obtain
new corrections.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. v2 adds note on breather solution, and
minor clarification
Cervical Ripening for Induction of Labor
Decrease in Cervidil use for cervical ripening by 20% of anticipated doses prior to Dec 1, 2018 (6 mos) , with a potential for cost savings = 40 doses x approx. 80,000
World-line approach to the Bern-Kosower formalism in two-loop Yang-Mills theory
Based on the world-line formalism with a sewing method, we derive the
Yang-Mills effective action in a form useful to generate the Bern-Kosower-type
master formulae for gluon scattering amplitudes at the two-loop level. It is
shown that four-gluon ( type sewing) contributions can be encapsulated
in the action with three-gluon ( type) vertices only, the total action
thus becoming a simple expression. We then derive a general formula for a
two-loop Euler-Heisenberg type action in a pseudo-abelian background.
The ghost loop and fermion loop cases are also studied.Comment: 37(+1) pages, details added for section
On the Yang-Mills two-loop effective action with wordline methods
We derive the two-loop effective action for covariantly constant field
strength of pure Yang-Mills theory in the presence of an infrared scale. The
computation is done in the framework of the worldline formalism, based on a
generalization procedure of constructing multiloop effective actions in terms
of the bosonic worldline path integral. The two-loop beta-function is correctly
reproduced. This is the first derivation in the worldline formulation, and
serves as a nontrivial check on the consistency of the multiloop generalization
procedure in the worldline formalism.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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Plasma sTNFR1 and IL8 for prognostic enrichment in sepsis trials: a prospective cohort study.
BackgroundEnrichment strategies improve therapeutic targeting and trial efficiency, but enrichment factors for sepsis trials are lacking. We determined whether concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-8 (IL8), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) could identify sepsis patients at higher mortality risk and serve as prognostic enrichment factors.MethodsIn a multicenter prospective cohort study of 400 critically ill septic patients, we derived and validated thresholds for each marker and expressed prognostic enrichment using risk differences (RD) of 30-day mortality as predictive values. We then used decision curve analysis to simulate the prognostic enrichment of each marker and compare different prognostic enrichment strategies.Measurements and main resultsAn admission sTNFR1 concentration > 8861 pg/ml identified patients with increased mortality in both the derivation (RD 21.6%) and validation (RD 17.8%) populations. Among immunocompetent patients, an IL8 concentration > 94 pg/ml identified patients with increased mortality in both the derivation (RD 17.7%) and validation (RD 27.0%) populations. An Ang2 level > 9761 pg/ml identified patients at 21.3% and 12.3% increased risk of mortality in the derivation and validation populations, respectively. Using sTNFR1 or IL8 to select high-risk patients improved clinical trial power and efficiency compared to selecting patients with septic shock. Ang2 did not outperform septic shock as an enrichment factor.ConclusionsThresholds for sTNFR1 and IL8 consistently identified sepsis patients with higher mortality risk and may have utility for prognostic enrichment in sepsis trials
Inflation at the Electroweak Scale
We present a simple model for slow-rollover inflation where the vacuum energy
that drives inflation is of the order of ; unlike most models, the
conversion of vacuum energy to radiation (``reheating'') is moderately
efficient. The scalar field responsible for inflation is a standard-model
singlet, develops a vacuum expectation value of the order of 4\times
10^6\GeV, has a mass of order 1\GeV, and can play a role in electroweak
phenomena.Comment: 14 page
Measurement of Optical Response of a Detuned Resonant Sideband Extraction Interferometer
We report on the optical response of a suspended-mass detuned resonant
sideband extraction (RSE) interferometer with power recycling. The purpose of
the detuned RSE configuration is to manipulate and optimize the optical
response of the interferometer to differential displacements (induced by
gravitational waves) as a function of frequency, independently of other
parameters of the interferometer. The design of our interferometer results in
an optical gain with two peaks: an RSE optical resonance at around 4 kHz and a
radiation pressure induced optical spring at around 41 Hz. We have developed a
reliable procedure for acquiring lock and establishing the desired optical
configuration. In this configuration, we have measured the optical response to
differential displacement and found good agreement with predictions at both
resonances and all other relevant frequencies. These results build confidence
in both the theory and practical implementation of the more complex optical
configuration being planned for Advanced LIGO.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, for submission to Phys Rev Letter
Equilibrium Two-Dimensional Dilatonic Spacetimes
We study two-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled to massless scalar fields
for static solutions. In addition to the well known black hole, we find another
class of solutions that may be understood as that of the black hole in
equilibrium with a radiation bath. We claim that there is a solution that is
qualitatively unchanged after including Hawking radiation and back-reaction and
is furthermore geodesically complete. We compute the thermodynamics of these
spacetimes and their mass. We end with a brief discussion of the linear
response about these solutions, its significance to stability and noise and a
speculation regarding the endpoint of Hawking evaporation in four dimensions.
(plain TeX; one figure, available upon request.)Comment: 22 pages, M.I.T. preprint CTP#217
Inflation and squeezed quantum states
The inflationary cosmology is analyzed from the point of view of squeezed
quantum states. As noted by Grishchuk and Sidorov, the amplification of quantum
fluctuations into macroscopic perturbations which occurs during cosmic
inflation is a process of quantum squeezing. We carefully develop the squeezed
state formalism and derive the equations that govern the evolution of a
gaussian initial state. We derive the power spectrum of density perturbations
for a simple inflationary model and discuss its features. We conclude that the
squeezed state formalism provides an interesting framework within which to
study the amplification process, but,in disagreement with the claims of
Grishchuk and Sidorov, that it does {\em not} provide us with any new physical
results.Comment: 33 pages, one section added, significant revisions, 6 figures (in
uuencoded file), Imperial/TP/92-93/2
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