Recent Advances in Nanomaterials Development for Nanomedicine and Cancer

Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases worldwide. However, the early diagnosis and efficient therapy of cancer have remained a critical challenge. The emergence of nanomedicine has opened up a promising window to address the drawbacks of cancer detection and treatment. A wide range of engineered nanomaterials and nanoplatforms with different shapes, sizes, and composition has been developed for various biomedical applications. Nanomaterials have been increasingly used in various applications in bioimaging, diagnosis, and therapy of cancers. Recently, numerous multifunctional and smart nanoparticles with the ability of simultaneous diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy have been reported. The multidisciplinary attempts led to the development of several exciting clinically approved nanotherapeutics. The nanobased materials and devices have also been used extensively to develop point-of-care and highly sensitive methods of cancer detection. In this review article, the most significant achievements and latest advances in the nanomaterials development for cancer nanomedicine are critically discussed. In addition, the future perspectives of this field are evaluated

Gold/silver decorated magnetic nanostructures as theranostic agents: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro study

A facile and novel semi-biosynthesis method was reported to develop multifunctional magnetic-plasmonic nanostructures with potent and specific anticancer activity. Silver and gold nanoseeds were synthesized in the presence of Taxus baccata extracted Taxanes, as reducing and capping agents, and used to decorate the silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The resulted nanostructures were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDS, and DLS. The resulted hollow and porous nanostructures displayed semi-spherical shapes and sizes between 200 and 500 nm with appropriate magnetic and plasmonic properties. FTIR analysis showed efficient encapsulation of nanostructures by the organic compounds which led to their appropriate colloidal stability. MTT assay and microscopic studies revealed potent and specific anticancer activity of silver decorated magnetic nanostructures (FeAg-Ns), so that after 48 h incubation of human cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells with 100 μg mL− 1 FeAg-Ns up to 70.4 ± 2.02 and 98.6 ± 2.36% mortality were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the nanostructures displayed significantly less cytotoxicity (up to 40.5 ± 1.82%) on noncancerous human fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the synthesized nanostructures have great potential to develop theranostic agents for bio-imaging and magnetically targeted cancer therapy

Multi experimental and computational studies for DNA and HSA interaction of new nano-scale ultrasound-assisted synthesized Pd(II) complex as a potent anticancer drug

International audienceAs for daily increasing mortality rate in world due to the growth of cancer causing agents, design and synthesis of new compounds with anticancer potential benefits is one of the most important challenges for researchers. In the present work, we synthesized a new Schiff base Pd(II) complex in bulk-scale and also in nano-scales by Sonochemical method. The structure of synthesized complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Then the cell viability percent of HeLa cancer cells was studied by MTT assay. The results confirmed that reducing the size has salient effect in annihilation of cancer cells. Also, nano-scale complex reached to IC50 in 10 μM of concentration. Binding ability of the nano- and bulk-scale Pd(II) Schiff base complex with calf thymus DNA and human serum albumin was investigated using combination of experimental (fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and viscosity) and computational (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and QM/MM) methods. The estimated binding constants for the complex in both of bulk- and nano-scales showed that the nano-scale complex binds more tightly to DNA than its bulk-scale form. This finding is in good agreement with MTT assay results. Molecular docking studies revealed that Pd(II) complex binds to the minor groove and IB binding site of DNA and HSA, respectively. Also, MD simulation studies showed that complexation with the Pd(II) complex changes the structure of HSA with compared to free protein. Finally, the ONIOM results indicated that the structural parameters of the compound changed along with binding to DNA and HSA, indicating the strong interaction between the compound and these biomacromolecules. The values of binding constants depend on the extent of the resultant changes

Self-recognition of the racemic ligand in the formation of homochiral dinuclear V(V) complex: In vitro anticancer activity, DNA and HSA interaction

The reaction of a racemic mixture of Schiff base tridentate ligand with vanadium(V) affords homochiral vanadium complex, (VO(R-L))2O and (VO(S-L))2O due to ligand "self-recognition" process. The formation of homochiral vanadium complex was confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and X-ray diffraction. The HSA-and DNA-binding of the resultant complex is assessed by absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy methods. Based on the results, the HSA-and DNA-binding constant, Kb, were found to be 8.0 × 10 4 and 1.9 × 10 5 M −1 , respectively. Interestingly, in vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed the potent anticancer activity of this complex on two prevalent cancer cell lines of MCF-7 (IC50 value of 14 μM) and HeLa (IC50 value of 36 μM), with considerably low toxicity on normal human fibroblast cells. The maximum cell mortality of 12.3% obtained after 48 h incubation of fibroblast cells with 100 μM of the complex. Additionally, the specific DNA-and HSA-binding was also shown using molecular docking method. The synthesized complex displayed high potential for biomedical applications especially for development of novel and efficient anticancer agents

Chiral halogenated Schiff base compounds: green synthesis, anticancer activity and DNA-binding study

International audienceEight enantiomerically pure halogenated Schiff base compounds were synthesized by reaction of halogenated salicylaldehydes with 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol (R or S) in water as green solvent at ambient temperature. All compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR (1 H and 13 C), circular dichroism (CD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. FS-DNA binding studies of these compounds carried out by fluorescence quenching and UV-vis spectroscopy. The obtained results revealed that the ligands bind to DNA as: (R ClBr) > (R Cl2) > (R Br2) > (R I2) and (S ClBr) > (S Cl2) > (S Br2) > (S I2), indicating the effect of halogen on binding constant. In addition, DNA-binding constant of the S and R-enantiomers are different from each other. The ligands can form halogen bonds with DNA that were confirmed by molecular docking. This method was also measured the bond distances and bond angles. The study of obtained data can have concluded that binding affinity of the ligands to DNA depends on strength of halogen bonds. The potential anticancer activity of ligands were also evaluated on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines by using MTT assay. The results showed that the anticancer activity and FS-DNA interaction is significantly dependent on the stereoisomers of Schiff base compounds as R-enantiomers displayed significantly higher activity than S-enantiomers. The molecular docking was also used to illustrate the specific DNA-binding of synthesized compounds and groove binding mode of DNA interaction was proposed for them. In addition, molecular docking results indicated that there are three types of bonds (H and X-bond and hX-bond) between synthesized compounds and base pairs of DNA

Synthesis, characterization and separation of chiral and achiral diastereomers of Schiff base Pd(II) complex: A comparative study of their DNA- and HSA-binding

International audienceA racemic mixture of a new chiral Schiff base ligand (HL: R/S-(1-phenylethylimino)methylnaphtalen-2-ol) has been utilized to prepare Pd(II) complex. Crystallization technique has been employed to separate diastereomeric pairs of Pd(II) complex: (mesoPdL2) and (racPdL2) that in this paper are known as PdL21 and PdL22, respectively. The synthesized complexes have been characterized by means of elemental analysis (CHN), FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Moreover, PdL21 has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The geometry around the metal center is square-planar. The interaction of two diastereomers of Pd(II) complex with FS-DNA has been explored, using UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, chemometrics and viscosity measurement methods. The PdL21 exhibited higher binding constant, about 10-fold, (1.0 × 106 M− 1) as compared to PdL22 (1.5 1.5 × 105 M− 1). Moreover, the human serum albumin (HSA) binding ability has been monitored by absorption, quenching of tryptophan fluorescence emission and circular dichroism (CD) studies. The slight difference is observed between HSA binding affinity with the complexes: PdL21 (6.2 × 104 M− 1) and PdL22 (3.3 × 104 M− 1). Also, the thermodynamic parameters were determined at three different temperatures (298, 308 and 318 K).In this study, molecular docking was also carried out to confirm and illustrate the specific DNA- and HSA-binding of the Pd(II) complexes. In the PdL21-HSA system a T-shaped π-π interaction with PHE206 was observed. While in the PdL22-HSA system there are a hydrogen bond, a π-cation and two T-shaped π-π interactions with ASB324, LYS212 and PHE228, respectively. The groove binding mode of DNA interaction has been proposed for both diastereomers