Strong clustering of underdense regions and the environmental dependence of clustering from Gaussian initial conditions

We discuss two slightly counter-intuitive findings about the environmental dependence of clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. First, we find that the relation between clustering strength and density is not monotonic: galaxies in the densest regions are more strongly clustered than are galaxies in regions of moderate overdensity; galaxies in moderate overdensities are more strongly clustered than are those in moderate underdensities; but galaxies in moderate underdensities are less clustered than galaxies in the least dense regions. We argue that this is natural if clustering evolved gravitationally from a Gaussian field, since the highest peaks and lowest troughs in Gaussian fields are similarly clustered. The precise non-monotonic dependence of galaxy clustering on density is very well reproduced in a mock catalog which is based on a halo-model decomposition of galaxy clustering. Second, the distribution of galaxy counts in our sample is rather well described by a Poisson cluster model. We show that, despite their Poisson nature, correlations with environment are expected in such models. More remarkably, the expected trends are very like those in standard models of halo bias, despite the fact that correlations with environment in these models arise purely from the fact that dense regions are dense because they happen to host more massive halos. This is in contrast to the usual analysis which assumes that it is the large scale environment which determines the halo mass function. [Abridged]Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Via Chalcone Derivatives and Study Activity of Some these Compounds as Pesticides (Anti-Dubas)

In this research, we synthesized oxazine and thiazine derivatives (3-6). These derivatives of chacone compounds (1 and 2) that synthesized from 4- hydroxyacetophenone and aldehyde derivatives such as, 4-bromobenzaldehyde and 4- chlorobenzaldehyde. These derivatives of chalcone (1-2) reacted with urea to produce oxazine derivatives as 4-[4-amino-6-(4-subsutitedphenyl)-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl] phenol (3 and 4) and thiourea to produce 4-[4-amino-6-(4-subsutitedphenyl)-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl] phenol (5 and 6). These derivatives were characterization by spectroscopy methods such as, FTIR and 1HNMR. Some compounds (3 and 5) that synthesized tested as Pesticides (anti-dubas) through the spray method and these derivatives killed Dubas and we noted the compound 5 was more active from compound 3 because compound 5 have been S atom in his structure that bonded in active group in dubas by effect on Cholinesterase enzyme in the insect

Effects of Length and Diameter of Open-Ended Coaxial Sensor on its Reflection Coefficient

This paper presents a calibration technique for a coaxial sensor using a transmission signal approach. The sensor was fabricated from commercially available RG402/U and RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable. The length of the coaxial sensor was correlated with the attenuation and standing wave inside the coaxial line. The functions of multiple reflection amplitude and tolerance length with respect to the actual length of coaxial line were empirically formulated using regression analysis. The tolerances and the undesired standing wave which occurs along the coaxial line were analyzed in detai

A Multi Hidden Recurrent Neural Network with a Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer

Identifying university students' weaknesses results in better learning and can function as an early warning system to enable students to improve. However, the satisfaction level of existing systems is not promising. New and dynamic hybrid systems are needed to imitate this mechanism. A hybrid system (a modified Recurrent Neural Network with an adapted Grey Wolf Optimizer) is used to forecast students' outcomes. This proposed system would improve instruction by the faculty and enhance the students' learning experiences. The results show that a modified recurrent neural network with an adapted Grey Wolf Optimizer has the best accuracy when compared with other models.Comment: 34 pages, published in PLoS ON

Stability of Steel Structures

In the design of an elastic structure, a major consideration is the overall stability of the system under axial load or a combination of an axial load and bending moment. In first-order analysis the effects of axial forces on the stiffness formulation and their influence on deformations of the members are usually neglected. If the axial forces are sufficiently large, a better indication of the distribution of the forces and moments in the structure is obtained by using a second-order analysis. In this type of analysis the moment equilibrium equations are based on the deformed shape of the structure. The secondary moments produced by axial forces acting through the deformed structure are considered in the computation of stiffness term. The secondary moments are called P-Delta effects. In this paper, by using a finite element computer program, the effects of axial loads on a plane frame structure are investigated. The method of analysis, based on the critical values of applied lateral forces on the elastic stability of the frame, will be referred to in this paper as a second order analysis. Example problems are included to serve to document this analytical approach

The Association of Prothrombin Gene Mutations and Cytomegalovirus Infection with Abortion Among Iraqi Women

يُصنف الإجهاض على أنه إنهاء الحمل الناجم عن فشل أو إزالة الجنين من الرحم قبل إتمام الحمل. هناك عوامل مختلفة ترتبط بالإجهاض منها الكائنات الحية الدقيقة والعوامل الوراثية. ان الفيروس المضخم للخلايا هو أحد مسببات العدوى الفيروسية الخلقية التي تصيب مجموعة واسعة من الأشخاص. يعتبر جين البروثرومبين (معرف الجين: 14061 في NCBI) أحد الأسباب الأساسية التي تؤدي إلى تخثر الدم ووظيفة الإجهاض، وبالتالي فإن الهدف من الدراسة هو اكتشاف وربط الفيروس المضخم للخلايا وطفرة جين البروثرومبين بالإجهاض من خلال الأساليب الجينية والمناعية.  تم جمع 5 مل من حجم الدم الكامل من خلال وخز الوريد وتم تقسيمها إلى أنبوبتين، أحداهما تحتوي على EDTA والأخرى دون (أنبوب عادي) من 74 امرأة لديهن تاريخ إجهاض كمجموعة مريضات و74 امرأة بدون سجل إجهاض مع واحد على الأقل من الخصوبة الناجحة كمجموعة تحكم. تُستخدم PCRs الخاصة بأليل لتضخيم مناطق الجينات باستخدام بادئات جينية تحتوي على تعدد أشكال جينات البروثرومبين.أظهرت النتائج الحالية أن أكبر خطر للإجهاض لوحظ في النساء المصابات بتفاعلية مصلية IgG في 65 امرأة مع تردد (87.8٪) وكان أقل معدل للإجهاض في إيجابية مصلية IgM في 3 نساء بمعدل تكرار (4.1٪) و6 (8.1٪).) كانت إيجابية لـ IgM-وIgG يشير إلى امتلاكهم عدوى قديمة وحديثة. علاوة على ذلك، تُستخدم PCRs الخاصة بالأليل لتضخيم تعدد الأشكال البروثرومبين G20201A. أظهرت نتيجة هذه الدراسة عدم وجود علاقة بين تكرار مستوى النمط الجيني للبروثرومبين والإجهاض في النساء المصابات بفيروس CMV. في حين أن هناك علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مجموعات الأليلات A وG والإجهاض في النساء المصابات بفيروس CMV.Abortion is categorized as the termination of conception caused by the failure or removal of the embryo from the uterus before the conclusion of pregnancy. Microorganisms and genetic factors are two of the many factors associated with abortion. Cytomegalovirus is a widespread congenital virus infection pathogen that affects a wide variety of people. The prothrombin gene is one of the essential causes that trigger blood clotting and the function of abortion women, therefore the aim of the study is to detect and associate Cytomegalovirus and prothrombin gene mutation (Gene ID: 14061 in NCBI) with abortion through genetic and immunological methods. Five ml of whole blood was collected from an intravenous puncture and divided into two tubes, one with EDTA and one without (plain tube) from 74 women with an abortion history as a patient group and 74 women without an abortion record who had at least one successful fertility as a control group. Allele-specific PCRs are used to amplify gene regions with genetic primers containing prothrombin gene polymorphisms. Current results have shown the greatest risk of abortion was observed in women patients with IgG seropositivity in 65 women with frequency (87.8%) and the lowest rate of abortion was in IgM seropositivity in 3 women with frequency (4.1%) and 6 (8.1%) were positive for IgM-and IgG indicating they have both an old and recent infections. Furthermore, allele-specific PCRs are used to amplify prothrombin G20201A polymorphism. The result of this study demonstrated there is no association between prothrombin genotype level frequency and abortion in CMV-infected women. While, there is a highly significant association between A and G Alleles combinations and abortion in CMV-infected women