Multiple Performance Optimization of Carburized Steel Using Taguchi Based Moora Approach

In this research, a multi-response optimization based on Taguchi method-based MOORA (Multi-response optimization based on ratio analysis) is proposed for carburization process of low carbon steel. Experiments were designed using (Taguchi’s) method with six input carburization factors (carburization temperature, carburization time, tempering temperature, tempering time, activator wt.%, and quench media). Depth case and wear rate were considered as the most response measures in this study. Results of the analysis shows that the carburization temperature is the most significant variables for the optimum outcome results. The desired response measures and mathematical model were achieved and used as optimum condition tool. The outcome of this study had been explored the possible use of the developed carburized steel in high wear resistance applications

INVESTIGATION CORROSION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBURIZED LOW CARBON STEEL

In this research, Taguchi method is used (S/N) ratio for measuring the variations in experimental design. Taguchi designs used in converting the multi-performance problem into a single-performance problem for experiments which will are in building (Taguchi (L27) orthogonal array) for carburization operation. The main variables that had a great effect on carburizing operation are Carburization temperature (o C), carburization time (hrs.) and tempering temperature (oC). It was focused also on calculating the amount of carbon penetration, the value of hardness, wear rate, corrosion rates and optimal values obtained during the optimization by (Taguchi) approach method for multiple parameters. In this study, the carburization process was done in temperature between (850 to 950 ᵒC) for (2 to 6 hrs.). Quenching process was done for the specimens after heat treatments in furnace chamber by different quench solution (water, salt and polyvinyl alcohol). Taguchi design used to achieve maximum hardness and depth penetration, Minimum wear and corrosion rates

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely