Maternal Factors that Determining Birth Spacing Interval among a Sample of the Women at Child Bearing Age

Background: Birth interval is the length of time between two successive live births. It might be affected with socio-economic factors related to mother as age, education and parity. Objectives: To determine the rate of birth spacing interval for a sample of women at the child bearing age and to find out any association between maternal factors and birth spacing interval. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al- Takia PHC center by using special questionnaire from 15th September 2012 to 15th September 2013. Sample size was 184 women at child bearing age. Results: Out of 184 women at the child bearing age (60.33%) had birth interval less than two years, (68.5%) below 25 years had birth interval shorter than two years, (60%) and (32.9%) of women with birth spacing interval < 2 years and ≥  2 years respectively were primary school graduates, (83.8%) and (74%) of the studied women with birth spacing interval < 2 years and  ≥ 2 years respectively were housewives, (45.9%) of women with birth interval < 2 years had high parity ( ≥ 5 live births). Conclusions: All studied maternal factors were significantly associated with length of birth interval except mother's work status

Genre Based Analysis of Acknowledgement Texts Written by Pakistani Writers

The aim of this study is to analyze and describe the structure of acknowledgement texts written by Pakistani authors in the light of two-tier genre model presented by Giannoni (2002). The corpus of this study, consisting of 3 samples, has been taken from the books written by Pakistani authors through convenient sampling technique. Analysis of the corpus shows that the acknowledgements written by Pakistani authors of books do not conform to the said model and vary in structure construction process and linguistic choices which are affected by cultural expectations, social norms and socio-cultural conventions. The analysis also shows that Pakistani acknowledgements are different from the acknowledgements from other cultures. Plus, Pakistani acknowledgements have been observed to be complex and dynamic in nature and characterized by hybridism. The study concludes that the acknowledgement writing is a matter of serious concern for Pakistani authors and shows intensified and strong sense of indebtedness and gratitude

The impact of the tillage systems on input-output energy, soil pulverization, and grain yield of barley

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of tillage systems and tillage speed on barley grain production, fuel consumption, specific energy, and soil pulverization. The study was conducted on the agricultural college's fields at the University of Basrah. The investigation included three conventional tillage systems, including disk plow + disk harrow + roller (T1), disk plow + two passes of a disk harrow (T2), and moldboard plow + cultivator + roller (T3), and two reduced tillage systems, including cultivator + roller (T4) and cultivator + disk harrow (T5). Three plowing speeds of 3.70 (S1), 5.68 (S2), and 7.04 (S3) km h-1 were used to prepare the soil for barley planting. The experiment was carried out using a random block design with five treatments and three replications of each treatment. All parameters showed significantly (p0&lt;.05) different tillage strategies. Results indicated that plowing speed had a significant influence (p&lt;0.05) on all parameters. Conventional tillage T1, T2, and T3 had the greatest values of fuel consumption, specific energy,&nbsp;grain yield, and the lowest value of soil pulverization at a tillage speed of 7.04 km h-1. &nbsp; The reduced tillage systems (T4 and T5) had the lowest values of fuel consumption, specific energy, and grain yield, they had the greatest value of soil pulverization at a tillage speed of 3.7 km h-1. T1 achieved a higher grain yield than T2, T3, T4, and T5 by 10.76, 2.57,29.46, and 36.24%. The maximum and minimum fuel consumption under tillage treatments T1 and T5 were 33.78 and 19.77 L ha-1, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed a linearly positive relationship between fuel consumption and grain yield (R = 0.96)

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND IMPENDING GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

The increase in organisms transference and infectious pandemics across the globe have been accelerated by an increase in travel, international exchange and global changes in earth’s climate. COVID-19, a virus caused by the novel coronavirus that was initially identified on December 2019, in Wuhan city of China is currently affecting 146 territories, states and countries raising distress, panic and increasing anxiety in individuals exposed to the (actual or supposed) peril of the virus across the globe. Fundamentally, these concerns ascend with all infections, including those of flu and other agents, and the same worldwide safeguards are compulsory and suggested for protection and the prevention of further diffusion. However, media has underlined COVID-19 as rather an exclusive threat, which has added to panic and stress in masses which can lead to several mental health issues like anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder which should be contained immediately in its initial phases

Oxidative responses and genetic stability of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi cv. under salinity stress.

This study was aimed to investigate the oxidative responses and genetic stability of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. under different irrigation water salinity, date palm off shoots cv. Barhi subjected to different concentrations of NaCl (100, 200, 300 and 400 µM) for 180 days. The obtained results showed that, the date palm responses to salinity stress, this responses was increased of H2O2 level, Peroxidase activity and Malondialdehyde MDA concentration with increase NaCl concentration, while opposite trend with membrane stability index, which H2O2 was increased from(0.73 µM/g) in control to (2.20 µM/g) in 400 µM treatment, MDA was increased from (2.35 nmole/g) in control to (nmole/g) in 400 µM treatment, also peroxidase activity was reached to (39.59 U/min/g) in 400 µM treatment, while was (20.73 U/min/g) in control and Membrane stability index reduction significantly from (81.36%) in control to (64.13%) in 400 µM treatment.  In terms of genetic stability of date palm under salinity stress, the ISSR markers analysis showed that, the high concentrations of NaCl (200, 300 and 400 µM) produced more polymorphic fragments comparison to control treatment, while the DNA profile was identical between control and 100 µMtreatment.Dendogram was generated using similarity indices of ISSR markers showed, the lowest genetic similarity was found between 400 µM NaCl concentration and control and 100 µM treatment, followed with both 200 and 300 µM treatments, which the control and 100 µM treatment was grouped in one cluster, also treatments with 200 and 300 µM grouped in one cluster, while the treatment with 400 µM NaCl separated in cluster. Keywords: ISSR, Genetic stability, Oxidative stress, Peroxidase, MDA, membrane peroxidatio

Sedimentological Study of Tanjero Formation– Dokan Section North of Iraq

Tanjero Formation (Campanian- Maastrichitian) has been studied at Dokan section, north of Iraq. Eighteen carbonate samples, include limestone, marly limestone and marl were collected and thinned section to analyze them under polarized microscope. Involved carbonate rock bed units were subdivided, according to petrography, organic contents and diagensis into: 1-       Recrystallized Limestone beds, 2-       Sugary texture beds, 3-       Foraminiferal limestone beds, 4-       Planktonic and Benthonic fossiliferous Limestone beds. Sedimentological study shows that the rock bed units of the lower part were deposited at deep marine environment overlined by supratidal environment; the middle part at open marine shelf; and the upper part at deep shelf marine environment. Keywords: Iraq, Dokan, sedimentology, petrography, fossils, marine environment

Hiding algorithm based fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent security enhancement

The process of sending confidential data through the communication media and in complete secrecy is now necessary, whether the data is related to patients, a particular military operation, or a specified office. On the other hand, with the development of various ciphering algorithms, and information hiding algorithms, there is a need to obtain ciphered and hidden data securely without the need to exchange secret keys between the two ends of the communication. In this paper, a hiding algorithm based on fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent methods to strengthen the security of confidential information is proposed. Firstly, fused image scattering is obtained using 1’s complement and circularly shifting the bits of fused pixels by specified positions before the hiding process. Secondly, the keys for the Caesar cipher are derived from the length of secret information according to the mathematical equation. Thirdly, strengthen the security of Caesar’s cipher by taking a 1’s complement of each letter in the cipher data. The results guarantee the security of the presented algorithm

Degradation of glass polymers due to successive exposure to acid rain and UV radiation

Utilization of polymer products for outdoor applications is continuously increasing. So the stability of polymers against environmental degradation became top of interests for many researchers. The effect of environmental elements on the polymers stability has been studied, but individually. A solution against an environmental element may conflict with a solution against other element. Therefore current study aimed to clarify a sort of these conflicts. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films as example of glassy polymers are exposed to acid rains and Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sequenced method for different time intervals. The effects on both structural and optical parameters are deduced from the measurements of Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction charts, refractive indices and optical dispersion of samples before and after treatments. Chain scission is found to reduce the transparency of the samples. Acid rains are found to enhance the transparency of PMMA films by disordering chain fragments that are released by chain scission. Lot of experimental data are given in many coloured graphs