Development of Malaysian urban drive cycle using vehicle and engine parameters

Vehicles travelling in actual urban areas are mostly in idle, low or medium speeds, which reflects engine part-load condition. These regularly visited engine conditions, in reality affect the fuel economy during actual driving. Thus, understanding the characteristics of the actual driving conditions will enable many other benefits besides legislation. This paper presents the development of a preliminary Malaysian urban drive cycle with the inclusion of the engine parameters and characteristics, acquired through an actual urban driving on numerous urban roads in Malaysia that represents the actual consumer’s daily driving experience. The actual engine parameters and its characteristics are integrated into the assessment measures in an attempt to formulate representable drive cycle and fuel consumption data. The initial drive cycle is composed of 17 sequences selected from the actual on-the-road conditions to represent the Malaysian urban driving. The average fuel economy of the established Malaysian urban drive cycle was then measured on a test bench using the same engine from the vehicle. The recorded fuel economy with Malaysian urban drive cycle is 8.5% below the actual Malaysian urban driving which is closer estimation to the actual driving compared to the current in-practice NEDC which shows to be 43.1% below the actual Malaysian urban driving. Thus, Malaysian urban drive cycle is better in representing the Malaysian urban driving conditions compared to the NEDC in terms of the average fuel economy measurements

THE STUDENT’S RESPONSES TO THE USE OF COMIC STRIPS AS A LEARNING MEDIA

The purpose of this study is to describe the students' responses to the use of comic strips as a learning medium in class VIII MTs N1 Morotai. This research used a quantitative method and included 38 eighth-grade students. This research employs a genuine experimental procedure, using random sampling as the sampling strategy. In the learning process, this instrument is utilized as a questioner following the comic strip treatment. As a result of this study, seven things are right or legitimate, while the other three are incorrect. Valid items ranging from 0.374 to 0.545 with an r-table of 5% were 0.320. Out of the 10 things tested, only seven were correct. The indicator selection revealed that the lowest score was 28 and the highest score was 45. The indicator of learning independence was assigned a score of 37.45, while the final one was assigned a score of 38.32 as an indicator of media presentation. Although comic strip media has limits, many other respondents think that they outweigh these drawbacks. The majority of responders believe it helps pupils enhance their writing skills

A functional link neural network with modified cuckoo search for prediction tasks

The impact of temperature, relative humidity and ozone changes bring a sharp warming climate. These changes can cause extreme consequences such as floods, hurricanes, heat waves and droughts. Therefore, prediction of temperature and relative humidity is an important factor to measure the environmental changes. Neural network, especially the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which uses Back Propagation algorithm (BP) as a supervised learning method, has been successfully applied in various problems for meteorological prediction tasks. However, this architecture has still been facing problems which the convergence rate is very low due to the multi layering topology of the network. Thus, this research proposed an implementation of Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) which composed of a single layer of tunable weight trained with the Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm (MCS). The proposed approach was used to predict the daily temperatures, relative humidity and ozone data. Extensive simulation results have been compared with standard MLP trained with the BP, FLNN with BP and FLNN with CS. Promising results have shown that the proposed model has successfully out performed 14% percentage compared to other network models with reduced prediction error and fast convergence rate

ISTILAH KEKERABATAN DALAM MASYARAKAT BAHASA MAKIAN TIMUR

This research is making use of descriptive qualitative method. The data are collected with the method of Sudaryanto (1993) that is listening and interviewing method, make use the technique of free listening and interviewing with a list of questionaire. This research makes use the theory of Burning (1970) and Koentjaraningrat (1980) to answer the first problem, and of Spradley (1979) and Casson (1981) to the second one. The result of this research shows that the consanguinal kinship terms are Baba (father), Tou (grandfather), Wos (ego’s father), Galawewe (father of ego’s grandfather), Karekare ( grandfather of Ego’s grandfather), Baay (ego’s mother), Nene (mother’s mother), Nenewos (mother of nene), Nenegalawewe (mother of nenewos), Nenekarekare (mother nenegalawewe). Nikmapin (wife of masculine ego), Nikmon (husband of feminine ego), Tamno (ego’s elder brother),  Thano (ego’s younger brother), Damo 1 (ego’s sister), Damo 2 (ego’s brother), Mtu (ego’s child), Bbu (ego’s grandchild), Bbuwos (child of ego’s grandchild), Bbugalawewe (grandchild of ego’s grandchild), Bbukarekare (buyut dari ego). Afinal kinship terms: Nikmon (husband), Nikmapin (wife), Tafu (brother in-law), Hono (sister in-law), Iho (in-laws), Akmomon (wife’s father), Akmomapin (wife’s mother), Haliha (mother/father in-laws), Kanglolo (elder brother of father or mother), Kangkutu (younger brother of father or mother), Baaylolo (mother’s elder sister), Jojo (mother’s younger sister). Other kinship terms include: Jau (Allah), Kakang (guru ngaji), Engku (masculine teacher), Encik (feminine teacher). Keywords: kindship terms of East Makian languag

Accounting Technicians Bursary Programme

ABASA has pleasure in announcing the establishment of a new scholarship Programme for Accounting Technicians. The objective of the Accounting Technician Bursary Programme is to encourage black High School graduates throughout South Africa to become Accounting Technicians. There are about 60 Black Accounting Technicians out of approximately 3 500. An Accounting Techinicain is a member of the Institute of Accounting Technicians of Southern Africa. To qualify for membership of the Institute, a person must first complete a three year National Diploma Accounting at a Technikon and also work under the supervision of a qualified Accountant for 3 years. Members of the Institute are qualified for appointment as accounting officers to close corporations

Policy and practice : collecting contemporary Australian art, 1980-1995 : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Museum Studies, Massey University

Since the 1970s contemporary art has been considered "a hot item". Art practice has been marked by diverse styles and innovative techniques and was often accompanied by a radical critique of art's production and its reception. In this period, there have been shifts in the sensibilities of some intellectuals and artists and a growing cultural critique which questioned or rejected the homogenizing values and universalizing notions of the 'grand master narrative' espoused by art museums. Instead, a growing consciousness about 'the politics of difference has challenged the art museum to acknowledge the importance of cultural diversity and adapt its policies and practices to reflect such dynamics. This thesis examines the way in which art museums have developed and enacted policies to collect contemporary Australian art between 1980 and 1995 and the consequences of those policies for the construction of public collections. The discussion is framed by the context of government policies for the arts and cultural heritage which underwent significant ideological transformation in this period. The thesis investigates the acquisition policies and practices of four leading Australian art museums between 1980 and 1995. It compares and contrasts acquisitions in those institutions and illustrates findings through a quantitative analysis of their collections. The thesis argues that there is a substantial difference between the rhetoric of acquisitions policies and actual collections of contemporary art. It reveals the anomalies and tensions which surround 'the finely honed discursive and rhetorical devices created to justify the structural and institutional support for élite practice.' It concludes that the collections of contemporary art are conservative, partial, incomplete and impoverished anthologies of contemporary art practice and that the art museum finds difficulty in overruling the traditional values of art history and the 'grand master narrative'. By establishing, perpetuating and institutionalizing the canon, the art museum systematically regulates and reproduces cultural representations. Furthermore, government cultural policies which increasingly support élite producers in 'cultural industries' and aim to disseminate the resulting 'Australian culture' to more consumers through cultural tourism and art export, assist the art museum to maintain its position

Appel par le Parti ABASA en faveur de la solidarité nationale et internationale en vue de secourir la population des provinces du Nord du Burundi ravagées par la famine.

Document collected by the University of Texas Libraries from the web-site of the Reseau Documentaire International Sur La Region Des Grands Lacs Africains (International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region). The Reseau distributes "gray literature", non-published or limited distribution government or NGO documents regarding the Great Lakes area of central Africa including Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.UT Librarie

An Assessment of the factors affecting price discovery in the procurement of Public - Private Partnership projects in Sub-Saharan Africa

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Policy and Management at Strathmore University.Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become a common development strategy for governments especially in developing countries. Given that PPPs are a form of public procurement paid for by public funds, it is crucial that governments getting into PPP arrangements ensure that they are value for money. This starts at the project procurement stage through a price discovery process which is supposed to reflect the true price of projects given the factors of price discovery which are market structure, information flow, risk management strategy and market behaviour. This study therefore purposed to assess the factors affecting price discovery in the procurement of Public-Private Partnership Projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It examined the extent to which the four factors of price discovery were important to the price discovery process in the procurement of PPP projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a mixed research methodology approach to draw from the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative data, the study assessed sixty PPP projects from across twenty sub-Saharan African countries. The study found that in sub-Saharan Africa, risk management strategy is the most important factor affecting the price discovery process while market behaviour is the least important. The study concludes that all the four factors are important to the PPP price discovery process, albeit with varying degrees of importance. Also, unlike other markets which lean on either market structure or information flow as the most important factors of price discovery, the PPP market reorganises these factors and places more importance on risk management strategy. The study recommends what governments in sub-Saharan Africa, private sector and development partners need to implement in order to create an environment where PPP initiatives achieve desired price discovery outcomes. Specific recommendations include establishment of an enabling environment for PPPs, incentivising private sector participation, strengthening institutional capacity to enforce PPP-supportive laws, project design that minimizes complexity, provision of low-cost financing, enhancing information flow through production of quality documentation, transparency and use of efficient communication tools, embracing public participation and ethical business practice, and establishment of robust risk management strategies and systems