167 research outputs found
Reversible Graphene decoupling by NaCl photo-dissociation
We describe the reversible intercalation of Na under graphene on Ir(111) by
photo-dissociation of a previously adsorbed NaCl overlayer. After room
temperature evaporation, NaCl adsorbs on top of graphene forming a bilayer.
With a combination of electron diffraction and photoemission techniques we
demonstrate that the NaCl overlayer dissociates upon a short exposure to an
X-ray beam. As a result, chlorine desorbs while sodium intercalates under the
graphene, inducing an electronic decoupling from the underlying metal. Low
energy electron diffraction shows the disappearance of the moir\'e pattern when
Na intercalates between graphene and iridium. Analysis of the Na 2p core-level
by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a chemical change from NaCl to
metallic buried Na at the graphene/Ir interface. The intercalation-decoupling
process leads to a n-doped graphene due to the charge transfer from the Na, as
revealed by constant energy angle resolved X-ray photoemission maps. Moreover,
the process is reversible by a mild annealing of the samples without damaging
the graphene
Strain relaxation in small adsorbate islands: O on W(110)
The stress-induced lattice changes in a p(1x2) ordered oxygen layer on W(110)
are measured by low-energy electron diffraction. We have observed that small
oxygen islands show a mismatch with the underlying lattice. Our results
indicate that along [1-10] the average mismatch scales inversely with the
island size as 1/L for all oxygen coverages up to 0.5 ML, while along [001] it
is significant only for the smallest oxygen islands and scales as a higher
power of the inverse island size. The behaviour along [1-10] is described by a
one-dimensional finite-size Frenkel-Kontorova model. Using this model, together
with calculated force constants, we make a quantitative estimate for the change
of surface-stress upon oxygen adsorption. The result is consistent with our
ab-initio calculations, which give a relative compressive stress of -4.72 N/m
along [1-10] and a minute relative tensile stress of 0.15 N/m along [001]. The
scaling along [001] is qualitatively explained as an effect induced by the
lattice relaxation in the [1-10] direction.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Stress engineering at the nanometer scale: Two-component adlayer stripes
Spontaneously formed equilibrium nanopatterns with long-range order are
widely observed in a variety of systems, but their pronounced temperature
dependence remains an impediment to maintain such patterns away from the
temperature of formation. Here, we report on a highly ordered stress-induced
stripe pattern in a two-component, Pd-O, adsorbate monolayer on W(110),
produced at high temperature and identically preserved at lower temperatures.
The pattern shows a tunable period (down to 16 nm) and orientation, as
predicted by a continuum model theory along with the surface stress and its
anisotropy found in our DFT calculations. The control over thermal fluctuations
in the stripe formation process is based on the breaking/restoring of
ergodicity in a high-density lattice gas with long-range interactions upon
turning off/on particle exchange with a heat bath.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Study of the island morphology at the early stages of Fe/Mo(110) MBE growth
We present theoretical study of morphology of Fe islands grown at Mo(110)
surface in sub-monolayer MBE mode. We utilize atomistic SOS model with bond
counting, and interactions of Fe adatom up to third nearest neighbors. We
performed KMC simulations for different values of adatom interactions and
varying temperatures. We have found that, while for the low temperature islands
are fat fractals, for the temperature 500K islands have faceted rhombic-like
shape. For the higher temperature, islands acquire a rounded shape. In order to
evaluated qualitatively morphological changes, we measured averaged aspect
ration of islands. We calculated dependence of the average aspect ratio on the
temperature, and on the strength of interactions of an adatom with neighbors.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings of 11-th Symposium on Surface
Physics, Prague 200
Observation of a topologically protected state in a magnetic domain wall stabilized by a ferromagnetic chemical barrier
The precise control and stabilization of magnetic domain walls is key for the development of the next generation magnetic nano-devices. Among the multitude of magnetic configurations of a magnetic domain wall, topologically protected states are of particular interest due to their intrinsic stability. In this work, using XMCD-PEEM, we have observed a topologically protected magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic cylindrical nanowire. Its structure is stabilized by periodic sharp alterations of the chemical composition in the nanowire. The large stability of this topologically protected domain wall contrasts with the mobility of other non-protected and non-chiral states also present in the same nanowire. The micromagnetic simulations show the structure and the conditions required to find the topologically protected state. These results are relevant for the design of future spintronic devices such as domain wall based RF oscillators or magnetic memories
Mössbauer and Magnetic Properties of Coherently Mixed Magnetite-Cobalt Ferrite Grown by Infrared Pulsed-Laser Deposition
We have studied the magnetic properties and the composition of cobalt ferrite single crystal films on SrTiO3 : Nb grown by infrared pulsed-laser deposition. Mössbauer spectra have been recorded from both the target used to grow the films and the films themselves. The Mössbauer spectra of the target taken at low temperatures show a strong dependence of the recoil free fraction of the octahedral sites with temperature. The films composition, with a coexistence of Co-enriched cobalt ferrite and magnetite, has been estimated assuming a similar ratio of the recoil free fractions of the films. X-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements confirm the valence composition of the film and show ferromagnetic Fe-Co coupling in the films with a coercive field around 0.5 T at room temperature. The combination of these characterization techniques allows establishing the coherent structural and magnetic properties of this biphase system.(MINECO) through Projects No. MAT2012 - 38045 - C04 - 01, CTQ2013 - 43086 - P, and MAT2013 - 48009 - C4 - 1 - P and by the EU - FP7 NANOPYME Project (No. 310516).Peer Reviewe
Evaluation of Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow in Patients with Stable COPD
OBJECTIVE: Although the importance of assessing inspiratory flow in the selection of treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is understood, evaluation of this factor is not yet widespread or standardized. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the peak inspiratory flow (PIF) of patients with COPD and to explore the variables associated with a suboptimal PIF. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out at specialized nursing consultations over a period of 6 months. We collected clinical data as well as data on symptoms, treatment adherence, and patient satisfaction with their inhalers via questionnaires. PIF was determined using the In-Check Dial G16((R)) device (Clement Clarke International, Ltd., Harlow, UK). In each case, the PIF was considered suboptimal when it was off-target for any of the prescribed inhalers. The association with suboptimal PIF was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression and the results were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 122 COPD patients were included in this study, of whom 34 (27.9%) had suboptimal PIF. A total of 229 inhalers were tested, of which 186 (81.2%) were dry powder devices. The multivariate analysis found an association between suboptimal PIF and age (OR = 1.072; 95% CI (1.019, 1.128); p = 0.007) and forced vital capacity (OR = 0.961; 95% CI (0.933, 0.989); p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: About a third of patients in complex specialized COPD care have suboptimal PIFs, which is related to age and forced vital capacity
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