Life table and demographic parameters of the tiger moth, Atteva sciodoxa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) fed on Eurycoma longifolia Jack.

Age-specific life and fertility tables of the tiger moth, Atteva sciodoxa Meyrick were constructed under controlled environmental conditions. The highest apparent mortality (qx), real mortality (RM) and indispensable mortality (IM) values were recorded in the 1st instar larvae whilst the lowest in the fifth instar larvae. The longest lifespan of female moth was 19 days with 50% natural mortality (NM50) on day 15 and that of male was 16 days with NM50 on day 11. The mean number of eggs female-1 was 106.2 and oviposition period was 13.3 days. Values for the net reproductive rate (RO), mean generation time (TC), intrinsic rate of increase (rc), innate capacity of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and doubling time (DT) were 42.03 female offsprings female-1, 11.41 days, 0.33 day-1, 0.37 day-1, 1.39 female offsprings female-1 day-1 and 2.12 days, respectively

A review of insect defoliators on teak with special reference to Paliga damastesalis Walker in Malaysia

Teak is a deciduous hardwood tree species native to India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. It is renowned for its aesthetic qualities, durability and versatility for a wide range of uses including furniture manufacture, ship building, decorative panelling and flooring. However, the tree is predisposed to a spectrum of insect pests particularly when grown as a monoculture or mked plantation crop. More than 285 insect pests have been reported globally on teak. Of these, defoliators rank highest in the damage caused to teak saplings and plantations, worldwide. These primarily belong to three orders' namely Lepidoptera (139), Coleoptera (41) and Orthoptera (18). In Malaysia, 28 insect pests have been reported thus far. Among these, Paliga damastesalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Xyleutes ceramica Walker (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) and Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) are common pests, with P. damastesalis as the major defoliator in Malaysia. The effects of defoliation is especially severe in young plantations. Although outbreaks are predominantly seasonal and has been frequently associated with flushing of leaves, the insect remains active throughout the year, with a total of 12 to 13 overlapping generations per year