6 research outputs found
Three electrode electrochemical microfluidic cell: construction and characterization
This work describes the construction and characterization of an electrochemical flow-through microcell with the three electrodes (working, pseudo-reference, and auxiliary) inserted in microchannels with thickness smaller than 20 ”m. These microchannels were constructed between two stacked polycarbonate slides using one or more overlapped toner masks as spacer. This strategy allows the construction of microcells with a variable internal volume on the working electrode (0.6 to 2.4 ”L). Three different materials were optimized as electrodes: gold film or graphite-epoxy composite as working electrode, silver-epoxy composite as pseudo-reference electrode and, graphite-epoxy composite as auxiliary electrode. The performance of the microfluidic cell was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, potentiometric stripping analysis at constant current, and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry using ferrocyanide and heavy metals (Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) as model analytes
Provenance, transport and composition of DendĂȘ Coast beach sands in Bahia, central coast of Brazil
The great physiographic diversity of the DendĂȘ Coast favors the production of different beach sediment types, including bioclastic components. In this study 74 beach samples collected at 2 km intervals were used to evaluate beach sediment composition. For each sample, 300 grains were identified for each grain size class coarser than 0.125 mm, using a binocular microscope. The beach sediments of the DendĂȘ Coast are essentially siliciclastic (80-100%). Quartz is the major component (70-100%). Only at the TinharĂ© and Boipeba islands bioclasts are major components of beach sands reaching up to 80-100%. These sediments are made up essentially of fragments of Halimeda, reaching percentages up to 70%. Coralline algae and mollusks also contribute significantly to these sediments (up to 30%). The results obtained show that the spatial distribution of the bioclastic components provide important information on the environmental conditions present at the shoreline (energy levels, availability of hard substrates and protected areas, pattern of sediment dispersion) and on the sediment sources as well. The composition of the beach sediments on the DendĂȘ Coast reflects the present day environmental conditions and show that these sediments do not experience significant lateral transport. This situation is favored by an impeded longshore transport that characterizes most of the region. Although, in general, the rivers that discharge on the DendĂȘ Coast appear to transport few sediments to the coastal zone, the presence of heavy minerals, micas and feldspars suggests river contributions to the beach sediments. On the other hand, the coral and coralline algae reefs, besides offering a natural protection to the shoreline, also represent an important source of beach sands.A grande diversidade fisiogrĂĄfica da Costa do DendĂȘ favorece a deposição de diferentes tipos de sedimentos em suas praias, inclusive sedimentos ricos em carbonato de cĂĄlcio. Neste estudo 86 amostras de sedimento foram coletadas, em intervalos de 2 km, para avaliação da composição dos sedimentos praiais. Para cada amostra foram identificados 300 grĂŁos por fração granulomĂ©trica maior que 0.125mm, usando uma lupa binocular. Os sedimentos das praias da Costa do DendĂȘ sĂŁo essencialmente siliciclĂĄsticos (80 -100%). O quartzo Ă© o principal componente (70 -100%). Apenas nas ilhas de TinharĂ© e Boipeba, os bioclastos sĂŁo os principais componentes alcançando teores entre 80 e 100%. Estes sedimentos sĂŁo compostos essencialmente de fragmentos de Halimeda, com teores de atĂ© 70%. Algas coralinas e moluscos tambĂ©m contribuem significativamente para a composição das areias deste trecho (com teores acima de atĂ© 30%). Os resultados obtidos mostram que a anĂĄlise da distribuição espacial dos componentes bioclĂĄsticos fornece informaçÔes importantes sobre as condiçÔes ambientais na linha de costa (nĂveis de energia, disponibilidade de substratos duros e suprimento de sedimento), assim como sobre as possĂveis fontes de sedimento para a praia. A composição dos sedimentos das praias da Costa do DendĂȘ reflete as condiçÔes ambientais atuais, e evidenciam que estes sedimentos nĂŁo experimentam transporte lateral. Essa situação Ă© favorecida pela situação de transporte litorĂąneo impedido que caracteriza a maior parte da regiĂŁo. Embora, os rios da regiĂŁo pareçam transportar poucos sedimentos para a zona costeira, a presença de minerais pesados, micas e feldspatos sugerem contribuiçÔes fluviais para os sedimentos das praias. Por outro lado, os recifes de coral e algas coralinas, alĂ©m de oferecerem uma proteção natural para a linha de costa, tambĂ©m representam uma importante fonte de sedimentos para as praias