Стилистический эффект разговорной речи и его составляющие

В обучении русскому языку как иностранному на современном этапе большое внимание уделяется особенностям русской разговорной речи. Это обусловлено целым рядом причин, среди которых, на наш взгляд, можно выделить следующие: во-первых, разговорная речь всегда отличается активностью проникновения во все сферы жизнедеятельности людей и функционирует как в повседневном общении, так и в различных сферах (литературе, кино, политике и т.д.). Во-вторых, разговорная речь носит многожанровый характер, что зачастую затрудняет ее понимание иностранными студентами. В-третьих, в разговорную речь помимо слов нейтрального стиля все активнее стала проникать арготическая лексика. Именно в связи с этим особый интерес у нас вызывает разговорный стиль речи в преломлении на инофонную аудиторию

IL-17 and IFN-γ production by CD4⁺ T cells subsets.

<p>Subsets were numbered according to CD39 and CD25 expression (A): 1 = CD39⁺CD25⁺; 2 = CD39⁺CD25⁻; 3 = CD39⁻CD25⁺. Graph shows median of proportion of (B) IL-17-producing CD4⁺ T cells and (C) IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells subsets after PMA and ionomycin stimulation on PBMCs from 9 uninfected, 8 HTLV-1-infected asymptomatic carriers and 10 HAM/TSP patients. The statistical difference was deemed significant using a Mann-Whitney U test analysis if p<0.05.</p

Expression of CTLA-4 and CCR4 in CD4⁺ T-cell subsets based on CD39 and CD25 expression.

<p>The statistical difference was deemed significant using a Mann-Whitney U test analysis if p<0.05. Horizontal bars denote median values. (A) CTLA-4 and CCR4 expression on CD4⁺ T cells from one representative uninfected donor, one HTLV-1-infected-asymptomatic carrier and one HAM/TSP patient. (B) Proportion of expression of CTLA-4 and CCR4 in CD39⁺CD25⁺ and CD39⁺CD25⁻ CD4⁺ T cells of uninfected donors, AC and HAM/TSP patients.</p

Association between HTLV-1 proviral load and CD39⁺CD25⁻CD4⁺ T cells in HAM/TSP patients.

<p>Frequency of CD39⁺CD25⁻ CD4⁺ T cells (A) and number of CD39⁺CD25⁻CD4⁺ T cells (B) were plotted against proviral load of AC and HAM/TSP patients. The statistical difference was deemed significant using a two-tailed Spearman test analysis if p<0.05.</p

Characteristics of study participants.

†<p>HAM/TSP: HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis;</p>*<p>HTLV-1: Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1;</p>‡<p>IQR: Interquartile Range, 25%–75%;</p>**<p>Standard Deviation.</p

Relative HBZ mRNA expression.

<p>Expression was calculated as 2^−ΔΔCt using the mean of β-actin as housekeeping controls. The statistical difference was deemed significant using a Mann-Whitney U test analysis if p<0.05. Horizontal bars denote median values. (A) Fold change of HBZ mRNA expression in PBMCs of 4 ACs and 5 HAM/TSP patients. (B) Positive correlation between HBZ mRNA levels and frequencies of CD39⁺CD25⁻ CD4⁺ T cells in HTLV-1-infected patients. (C) Positive correlation between HBZ mRNA level and frequency of CD39⁺CD25⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in HTLV-1-infected patients.</p

Tax expression in CD4⁺ T cells of HTLV-1-infected subjects.

<p>Representative flow cytometry data of CD25, CD39 and Tax expression in (A) one HTLV-1-infected asymptomatic carrier and (B) one HAM/TSP patient. Plots show Tax expression restricted to CD25⁺ CD4⁺ T cells regardless of CD39 expression.</p

Patients’ characteristics.

<p>Table depicts whether patients were HIV-1 acutely or chronically infected, stage of treatment, the number of patients used in the study, the number of extra patients included in the study, total number of samples tested, mean frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (cells/µL) and viral load (copies/mL).</p

Alternate reading frame-encoded amino acids in circulating viral sequences.

<p>A) Distribution of known mutant origins across viral ARF sequences attributable to a particular cause based on information associated with the sequence accession the NCBI nr protein database presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039311#pone.0039311.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>. B) Composition of viral coding sequence computed as a percentage assigned to the coding sequence for the Env, Gag, Pol poly-proteins based on nucleotide base counts for a particular gene region compared to the total nucleotide count for the structural genes of the virus. Gag comprises 1,503 nt of the total of 6,878 nt of structural gene sequence; Pol comprises 3,139 nt of the total; Env comprises of 2,571 nt of the total. This is the distribution of origins within the genome that would be expected if originating events for the incorporation of ARF and their detection in circulating HIV-1 viral sequences were distributed randomly throughout the genome. C) The distribution of ARF incorporated into circulating viral sequences that was observed in our searches of NCBI nr protein database for ARF sequences in circulating HIV-1 viral sequences. The percentages were computed by dividing the number of BLAST hits with ARF sequence incorporated into a given gene region by the 123 total hits examined. D) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Env region, the accession AAL78125.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 67. E) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Gag region, the accession AEQ21252.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 3. F) A three-way alignment between the HXB-2 reference sequence for the Pol region, the accession CAF29000.1 and the alternate reading frame encoded ORF 23. All three-way alignments were generated by combining two pair-wise alignments created in Geneious, followed by manual editing. Note each accession is similar to both the HXB-2 reference sequence for the structural proteins and the alternate reading frame encoded sequence, but not to both sequences simultaneously within the same region of the sequence.</p

Breadth of ARF responses in acutely infected patients.

<p>A) Number of detectable responses observed for each individual ARF peptide-pool tested. B) Number of ARF peptide pools that induced detectable responses in each acutely infected individual. Blue bars represent patients On HAART and red bars represent patients Off HAART. We were unable to follow patients #26, #27 and #28 before HAART interruption.</p