1,643 research outputs found
Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote to Improve the Well-Being of Others
For voters with "social" preferences, the expected utility of voting is approximately independent of the size of the electorate, suggesting that rational voter turnouts can be substantial even in large elections. Less important elections are predicted to have lower turnout, but a feedback mechanism keeps turnout at a reasonable level under a wide range of conditions. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) to show how, for an individual with both selfish and social preferences, the social preferences will dominate and make it rational for a typical person to vote even in large elections;(2) to show that rational socially-motivated voting has a feedback mechanism that stabilizes turnout at reasonable levels (e.g., 50% of the electorate); (3) to link the rational social-utility model of voter turnout with survey findings on socially-motivated vote choice.
Observation and numerical simulation of a convective initiation during COHMEX
Under a synoptically undisturbed condition, a dual-peak convective lifecycle was observed with the COoperative Huntsville Meteorological EXperiment (COHMEX) observational network over a 24-hour period. The lifecycle included a multicell storm, which lasted about 6 hours, produced a peak rainrate exceeding 100 mm/hr, and initiated a downstream mesoscale convective system. The 24-hour accumulated rainfall of this event was the largest during the entire COHMEX. The downstream mesoscale convective system, unfortunately, was difficult to investigate quantitatively due to the lack of mesoscale observations. The dataset collected near the time of the multicell storm evolution, including its initiation, was one of the best datasets of COHMEX. In this study, the initiation of this multicell storm is chosen as the target of the numerical simulations
Persistence and Opacity in Eastern Andalusian Harmony
This paper proposes a novel account of a derivationally opaque aspect of ATR harmony in Eastern Andalusian. Harmony in the language is driven by Positional Licensing: [-ATR] originating on final vowels must spread to the stressed vowel. Intervening post-tonic vowels optionally also harmonize, as do pretonic vowels. Typically in licensing-driven systems, if harmony is unable to reach the licensor, harmony does not affect non-licensing positions either. Not so in Eastern Andalusian: high vowels do not harmonize, but a stressed high vowel does not prevent unstressed vowels from harmonizing as normal – harmony can overapply on these vowels. The analysis, couched in serial Harmonic Grammar, develops a new mechanism called persistence that accounts for this opacity. Under persistence, once a feature satisfies Positional Licensing by spreading to the licensing position, Positional Licensing remains satisfied for the rest of the derivation, even if the feature vacates the licensing position. This allows a stressed high vowel to harmonize, thereby permitting unstressed vowels to harmonize, too, and then harmony can retract off the high vowel without running afoul of Positional Licensing
Laplacian-level meta-generalized gradient approximation for solid and liquid metals
We derive and motivate a Laplacian-level, orbital-free
meta-generalized-gradient approximation (LL-MGGA) for the exchange-correlation
energy, targeting accurate ground-state properties of and metallic
condensed matter, in which the density functional for the exchange-correlation
energy is only weakly nonlocal due to perfect long-range screening. Our model
for the orbital-free kinetic energy density restores the fourth-order gradient
expansion for exchange to the rSCAN meta-GGA [Furness et al., J. Phys.
Chem. Lett. 11, 8208 (2020)], yielding a LL-MGGA we call OFR2. OFR2 matches the
accuracy of SCAN for prediction of common lattice constants and improves the
equilibrium properties of alkali metals, transition metals, and intermetallics
that were degraded relative to the PBE GGA values by both SCAN and rSCAN.
We compare OFR2 to the rSCAN-L LL-MGGA [D. Mejia-Rodriguez and S.B.
Trickey, Phys. Rev. B 102, 121109 (2020)] and show that OFR2 tends to
outperform rSCAN-L for the equilibrium properties of solids, but
rSCAN-L much better describes the atomization energies of molecules than
OFR2 does. For best accuracy in molecules and non-metallic condensed matter, we
continue to recommend SCAN and rSCAN. Numerical performance is discussed in
detail, and our work provides an outlook to machine learning.Comment: Significant revisions in response to referee comments. Under review
at Physical Review Material
Long-Distance Licensing in Harmonic Grammar
Positional Licensing constraints can compel a feature to spread to a prominent position such as a stressed syllable. In Harmonic Grammar, this spreading takes a pathological form: over long distances, spreading can be blocked because it would accumulate too many faithfulness violations. The result is an unattested system in which there is an arbitrary upper bound to the distance across which a feature can spread. This defect is remedied here by modifying Positional Licensing so that rather than simply assigning one violation for an unlicensed feature, it assigns violations in proportion to the distance between the feature and its licensor. It can therefore counter faithfulness regardless of the distance between trigger and target. This reformulation necessitates other changes to avoid new problems: Positional Licensing must reward licensed features instead of penalizing unlicensed ones, and it must be couched in Serial Harmonic Grammar. This result provides new support for those theoretical constructs, and it helps clarify the differences between OT and HG
Quartet S Wave Neutron Deuteron Scattering in Effective Field Theory
The real and imaginary part of the quartet S wave phase shift in nd
scattering (^4 S_{3/2}) for centre-of-mass momenta of up to 300 MeV (E_cm
\approx 70 MeV) is presented in effective field theory, using both perturbative
pions and a theory in which pions are integrated out. As available, the
calculation agrees with both experimental data and potential model
calculations, but extends to a higher, so far untested momentum r\'egime above
the deuteron breakup point. A Lagrangean more feasible for numerical
computations is derived.Comment: 27 pages LaTeX2e with 11 figures, uses packages includegraphicx (6
.eps files), color and feynmp (necessary Metapost files included).
Corrections in bibliography and NNLO results added above breaku
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