Quality Assurance with Reference to Data Analytics

Software quality is explicitvproperty which determines what sort of standards software ought to have. In production of any software quality is a key factor which have to be accomplished. Numerous inquires about have been finished with respect to software quality. These Software Products progressivelysperplexing algorithms tosoperate and then for ensuringstheir quality, one needs further developed strategies forshandling thesevSoftware Products. According to our survey, Data Analytical SoftwarevProducts require more work because of their Productssprogressively perplexing nature. One of the potential reasons can be the volume and assortment of Data. On the other hand, this researchvemphasizesson testifying the Data AnalyticalsSoftware Products which have many problems becausestesting of these SoftwarevProducts requires real time data. however, each time the testing of thesesProduct Items dependsseither on dummysinformation or reproductions and these Product failedswhen theyswork on real data. For making this softwares work good before and after the deployment phaseswe need to apply better software quality standards

Outcome of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis Technique for Management of Extra Articular Distal Tibial Fractures

Objective: To assess the outcome of the minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) method applied for the management of extra-articular distal tibial fractures.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Total 57 patients have included extra-articular type A distal tibial fracture, duration of injury <1 week, and competent neurological and vascular status of the fractured site. All the patients were treated with MIPPO Technique by using the distal tibial medial locking plate and the outcome of all patients was assessed radiologically in terms of union and functionally by using the Ovadia-Beals clinical scoring system. Data were analysed by using SPSS v. 21. Results: As per sample size calculation, 57 patients were included with a mean age of 37.19 ± 9.22 years. There were 45 (78.94%) male patients and 12 (21.05%) female patients. According to AO classification; the most common type was 43A1 with 31 patients (54.38%) whereas 18 (31.57%) were in Type 43A2 and 8 (14.03%) in Type 43A3. In our study, fracture union was achieved in a mean duration of 19.6 ± 3.45 weeks. When the functional outcome was analyzed, 41 (71.92%) patients had excellent outcome, 8 (14.03%) had good results, 5 (8.77%) had fair and 3 (5.26%) had poor outcome based on the subjective result and 44 (77.19%) patients had excellent, 7 (12.28%) had good, 3 (5.26%) had fair and 3 (5.26%) had poor result based on an objective result of Ovadia-Beals clinical scoring system. Conclusion: Thus MIPPO can be highly successful in achieving good to excellent outcomes in the maximum number of patients presented with a distal tibia fracture. So in the future, we can rely on this technique for such types of fractures. &nbsp

Clinical profile and management of pyogenic liver abscesses in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Pyogenic Liver abscesses are potentially life threatening if left untreated. They pose a major Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to modern world. Interventional radiology is becoming standard of care for liver Abscesses.Methods: All patients of pyogenic liver abscess admitted to Government Medical College and hospital Jammu, J and K, India from October 2018 to November 2019 were prospectively studied. Demographics, presentation, lab reports and management strategies were evaluated.Results: Total of 60 patients of pyogenic liver abscesses were studied with 81.7% males. Alcohol was found to be most common risk factor with 55% of patients being alcoholic. Right lobe of liver was involved in 66.7% of patients. Segment VI and VII were involved in 50% of patients. The most common clinical symptom was right upper quadrant pain (98.3%), followed by fever (91.7%). The most common clinical sign was right upper quadrant tenderness (91.7%). Percutaneous drainage with catheter placement was the most common and successful modality of management associated with least hospital stay.Conclusions: Pyogenic liver abscess is a rare but serious problem. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid mortality. Percutaneous drainage along with I.V antibiotics is the best form of management

Design of nimesulide-chitosan microparticles by pH change coacervation

The present study involves the preparation of nimesulide-chitosan microparticles (NCM) as sustained delivery carriers with different polymer concentrations by pH change coacervation method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Microparticle size was measured using light microscope. The drug release from NCM was tested by the rotating basket method of USP and the dissolution data were analyzed assuming various kinetic models. According to the results, the mean diameter and morphology of various batches of prepared NCM was 102 ± 1.95 μm to 152 ± 1.73 μm and yellowish rough spheres, respectively. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the compatibility of nimesulide with chitosan. X-ray diffractometry showed that there is a decrease in crystallinity of the drug after microencapsulation. All batches of NCM showed good flow properties. The rate of drug release decreased with increased concentration of chitosan. Formulation F5 was found to be an optimum formulation depending upon good encapsulation efficiency (65.87 ± 3.44 %) and smaller size (103 ± 3.37 μm). Maximum amount of drug release was 90.03 % in 12 h. The drug release data was analyzed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation to calculate the diffusional exponent (n), which indicated diffusion pattern of nimesulide release. The stability studies of the NCM showed that drug was fully stable in microparticles at storage conditions of room temperature, 37 °C, 25 °C/60 % relative humidity (RH) and 45 °C/60 % RH, for 3 months using stability testing chamber. The present combination for encapsulating nimesulide demonstrates an effective way to prolong the drug release.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Effect of cream formulation of fenugreek seed extract on some mechanical parameters of human skin

Purpose: To determine the effect of an emulsion formulation of fenugreek (Trigonella Foneum-Graecum L) seed extract on some mechanical parameters of the skin of healthy human volunteersMethods: A water-in-oil emulsion cream base without fenugreek seed extract which served as control, and a similar formulation containing 4 %w/v of the extract in the internal (aqueous) phase were prepared. Each of the formulations was applied to the cheeks of 10 human volunteers for a period of 4 weeks and some mechanical parameters (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9) of the skin were measured weekly using Cutometer MPA 580. Results: The results indicate that the effects of the creams on skin mechanical properties were significant (p < 0.05) with respect to time, except for R4 and R9. The extract-containing cream substantially increased skin elasticity, hydration and the ability of skin to resist photo-aging when compared to the base. Conclusion: Both the cream base and the cream containing fenugreek extract demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) improvement in all mechanical parameters related to skin elasticity, ageing, hydration and fatigue but the effect of the extract cream was more pronounced in some cases

Study of nimesulide release from ethylcellulose microparticles and drug-polymer compatibility analysis

The aim of this study was to formulate ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles for sustained release of nimesulide and study the effect of processing variables, drug to polymer ratio and also study the drug polymer compatibility. The microparticles were prepared by coacervation (temperature change) technique. Physical properties, such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, release pattern and morphological characteristics were investigated by in vitro dissolution, SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA in order to optimize the formulation of the microparticles. With the increase of polymer concentration there was an increase in size and drug entrapment efficiency of microparticles. There was a decrease in size and nonlinear change in entrapment efficiency with the increase of stirring speed and time. The release of drug from microparticles was anomalous diffusion. It was confirmed that there is no strong chemical interaction between drug and polymer except the change in crystal habit and polymorphism. Ethyl cellulose microparticles containing nimesulide are suitable for controlled release devising.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Carbapenem Resistance: Mechanisms and Drivers of Global Menace

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens is a significant and mounting health concern across the globe. At present, carbapenem resistance (CR) is considered as one of the most concerning resistance mechanisms and mainly found in gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although carbapenem resistance has been recognized in Enterobacteriaceae from last 20 years or so, recently it emerged as a global health issue as CR clonal dissemination of various Enterobacteriaceae members especially E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are reported from across the globe at an alarming rate. Phenotypically, carbapenems resistance is in due to the two key mechanisms, like structural mutation coupled with β-lactamase production and the ability of the pathogen to produce carbapenemases which ultimately hydrolyze the carbapenem. Additionally, penicillin-binding protein modification and efflux pumps are also responsible for the development of carbapenem resistance. Carbapenemases are classified into different classes which include Ambler classes A, B, and D. Several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have their potential role in carbapenem resistance like Tn4401, Class I integrons, IncFIIK2, IncF1A, and IncI2. Taking together, resistance against carbapenems is continuously evolving and posing a significant health threat to the community. Variable mechanisms that are associated with carbapenem resistance, different MGEs, and supplementary mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in association with virulence factors are expanding day by day. Timely demonstration of this global health concern by using molecular tools, epidemiological investigations, and screening may permit the suitable measures to control this public health menace

Influence of process parameters on nimesulide-loaded Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules

Nimesulide was formulated as sustained release microcapsules using biodegradable polymer Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as the release material by non-solvent addition coacervation method. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated for physico-chemical properties i.e. size analysis, morphology, micromeritics, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and drug release characteristics. All microcapsules obtained were discrete, large, free flowing and spherical in shape. The maximum encapsulation efficiency of nimesulide was up to 81.02 ± 2.10 %. Nimesulide release from microcapsules followed Higuchi model. Slow release of nimesulide from PLGA microcapsules over 12 h was observed.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Fabrication of novel gastro-retentive Floating microcapsules by utilizing a combination of HPMC and EC and their physicochemical assessment

The project was aimed to develop floating microcapsules (FMs) using combination of a hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose, EC) and hydrophilic polymer (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, HPMC), and to evaluate them. An easy and novel phase separation method was adopted to prepare FMs. Chloroform and paraffin oil were employed as solvent and non-solvent respectively. Five kinetic models were applied to assess and describe the mechanism and pattern of tramadol hydrochloride (TmH) release from FMs and they were subjected to FTIR and XRD to evaluate TmH-HPMC-EC interaction. As EC concentration was increased the retardation in drug release, improvement in flow characteristics and decrease in floating time were observed. Kinetics of drug release was followed by Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. It was concluded that the floating microcapsules of TmH can be produced using phase separation method and they have no drug-polymer interaction. The accelerated stability studies also ensured the physicochemical integrity of FMs.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire