Dental students' knowledge and perception of elderly in relation to geriatric dentistry training

Dental students need to be equipped with skills, knowledge and positive attitudes while providing dental care to the elderly. Reports from Ministry of Health Malaysia indicated that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was high among older people in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of final year dental students towards the elderly in relation to training of geriatric dentistry in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). All the final year dental students were required to complete a questionnaire that comprised of 3 sections: 1) Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz II, 2) Oral health and social concerns of patients, and 3) Perception towards the teaching of geriatric dentistry. A total of 83 students participated in the study. Twenty-four per cent (n=20) scored more than 70% to questions on knowledge about older people and 73% (n=61) scored between 50-70%. The students had ranked physical disability, transportation problems and complex and overlapping priorities as reasons for elderly not keeping to their appointments. Majority of the students reported that lack of educational resource materials and very minimum clinical sites experience were the main barriers faced during the course. In conclusion, majority of the students had moderate to good knowledge about older people and were able to recognize issues of social concerns that can influence their oral health. In general, there were not many changes in the perceived competencies of managing older patients following the geriatric module

Improving Sampling from Generative Autoencoders with Markov Chains

We focus on generative autoencoders, such as variational or adversarial autoencoders, which jointly learn a generative model alongside an inference model. We define generative autoencoders as autoencoders which are trained to softly enforce a prior on the latent distribution learned by the model. However, the model does not necessarily learn to match the prior. We formulate a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling process, equivalent to iteratively encoding and decoding, which allows us to sample from the learned latent distribution. Using this we can improve the quality of samples drawn from the model, especially when the learned distribution is far from the prior. Using MCMC sampling, we also reveal previously unseen differences between generative autoencoders trained either with or without the denoising criterion

Price impact of block trades in the Saudi stock market

This paper examines the price impact of block trades for the 124 companies that comprise all listed firms in the Saudi stock market (SSM). We use high frequency intraday data (one minute intervals) for the period 2005-2008 to provide out of sample evidence of the determinants of price impact. We find an asymmetric price impact of 0.5% for block purchases and -0.38% for block sales. We document a price continuation post block trades and a price reversal after block sales. Sellers of block trades in the Saudi market pay higher liquidity premiums than buyers of block trades. However, on average, the price effect of a block trade is small and short-lived suggesting that resiliency is high in the market. Moreover, we find a direct relationship between the size of the trades and the level of information asymmetry in the market. Despite the structural differences of the SSM, the intraday pattern of price impacts is similar to patterns documented in other markets, namely an inverse J-shaped pattern. Finally, sophisticated traders can gain abnormal profits in the SSM through “free riding”, a trader can benefit from the overreaction before the block trade and price reversal after the block trade

Can market frictions really explain the price impact asymmetry of block trades? Evidence from the Saudi stock market

We empirically examine the price impact of block trades, in the Saudi Stock Market over the time period of 2005-2008. Using a unique dataset of intraday data consisting of 2.3 million block buys and 1.9 million block sales, we find an asymmetry in the price impact of block purchases and sales. The asymmetry persists even when we account for the bidask bias in block trades, which is contrary to the previous literature. Overall, our findings suggest that in an emerging market where institutional trading is relatively scarce, market microstructure cannot explain the asymmetry n the price impact of large trades

The production of a non-homogeneous classical pion field and the distribution of the neutral and charged pions

The probability distribution $dw/df$ as a function of the ratio $f=n_0/n_{tot}$ of the neutral to total multiplicities is calculated for the classical pion fields quickly varying in space and time.Comment: 6 pages, 1 .eps figure, using epsfig, submitted to Phys.Let

Helicity at Photospheric and Chromospheric Heights

In the solar atmosphere the twist parameter $\alpha$ has the same sign as magnetic helicity. It has been observed using photospheric vector magnetograms that negative/positive helicity is dominant in the northern/southern hemisphere of the Sun. Chromospheric features show dextral/sinistral dominance in the northern/southern hemisphere and sigmoids observed in X-rays also have a dominant sense of reverse-S/forward-S in the northern/southern hemisphere. It is of interest whether individual features have one-to-one correspondence in terms of helicity at different atmospheric heights. We use UBF \Halpha images from the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) and other \Halpha data from Udaipur Solar Observatory and Big Bear Solar Observatory. Near-simultaneous vector magnetograms from the DST are used to establish one-to-one correspondence of helicity at photospheric and chromospheric heights. We plan to extend this investigation with more data including coronal intensities.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, 1 table To appear in "Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun", eds. S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 200

Hubungan Perilaku Caring Perawat Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap Di RSUD Klungkung

Caring behavior is a universal phenomenon which affects the way of man thinking, feeling, and having fellow relationship. Caring behavior in nursing sector plays an important role because it is the core of professional practical nursing which can produce own satisfaction to the patients and health service users. Caring behavior was obtained through questionnaire based on ten care active factors meanwhile the patients\u27 satisfaction was measured based on five satisfaction factors. This study used analytical correlation research design and cross sectional design with the number of sample was 126 respondents which were chosen in inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was analyzed using Rank Spearman Test in order to measure the level or close relations between two ordinal scale variables and also showed the correlation. The result of this study showed that there was significant relations between nurse caring behavior towards patients\u27 satisfaction in inpatients ward of RSUD Klungkung with p value was 0,001 (p<0,05). Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to give more attention and enhance the caring behavior in implementing nursing care

Prevalence and correlates of achieving recommended physical activity levels among children living in rural South Asia—A multi-centre study

Background: We report the prevalence of recommended physical activity levels (RPALs) and examine the correlates of achieving RPALs in rural South Asian children and analyse its association with anthropometric outcomes. Methods: This analysis on rural South Asian children aged 5–14 years (n = 564) is a part of the Chronic Disease Risk Factor study conducted at three sites in India (Chennai n = 146; Goa n = 218) and Bangladesh (Matlab; n = 200). Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle factors (physical activity (PA); diet) were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaires, along with objective anthropometric measurements. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine whether RPALs (active travel to school (yes/no); leisure-time PA ≥ 1 h/day; sedentary-activity ≤ 2 h/day) were associated with socio-demographic factors, diet and other forms of PA. Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate associations between RPALs and anthropometrics (BMI- and waist z-scores). Results: The majority of children (71.8 %) belonged to households where a parent had at least a secondary education. Two-thirds (66.7 %) actively travelled to school; 74.6 % reported ≥1 h/day of leisure-time PA and 55.7 % had ≤2 h/day of sedentary-activity; 25.2 % of children reported RPALs in all three dimensions. Older (10–14 years, OR = 2.0; 95 % CI: 1.3, 3.0) and female (OR = 1.7; 95 % CI: 1.1, 2.5) children were more likely to travel actively to school. Leisure-time PA ≥ 1 h/day was more common among boys (OR = 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.5, 4.0), children in Matlab, Bangladesh (OR = 3.0; 95 % CI: 1.6, 5.5), and those with higher processed-food consumption (OR = 2.3; 95 % CI: 1.2, 4.1). Sedentary activity ≤ 2 h/day was associated with younger children (5–9 years, OR = 1.6; 95 % CI: 1.1, 2. 4), children of Goa (OR = 3.5; 95 % CI: 2.1, 6.1) and Chennai (OR = 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.5, 4.3) and low household education (OR = 2.1; 95 % CI: 1.1, 4.1). In multivariate analyses, sedentary activity ≤ 2 h/day was associated with lower BMI-z-scores (β = −0.3; 95 % CI: −0.5, −0.08) and lower waist-z-scores (β = −1.1; 95 % CI: −2.2, −0.07). Conclusion: Only one quarter of children in these rural areas achieved RPAL in active travel, leisure and sedentary activity. Improved understanding of RPAL in rural South Asian children is important due to rapid socio-economic transition