Factors Relating To Failure To Quit Smoking: A Prospective Cohort Study [fatores Relacionados Ao Insucesso Na Cessação Tabágica: Um Estudo De Coorte Prospectivo]

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Considering the difficulties in stopping smoking, this article aimed to identify factors relating to failure of attempts to quit smoking among smokers who sought care at an outpatient clinic in a general university hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study evaluating 100 smokers who sought treatment at the Psychoactive Substances Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: The variables gathered were sociodemographic factors; degree of dependence (Fagerström questionnaire); stage of motivation for change (University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale); and presence of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). The patients were followed up after 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks to identify factors relating to failure to quit smoking. RESULTS: The patients were mostly women (75%), between 40 and 59 years of age (67%); with incomplete elementary education (60%); with leisure activities (57%); suffering from tobacco-related disease (53%); with previous attempts to quit smoking (70%); with a medical recommendation to stop (51%); with encouragement to stop (66%); and with a high degree of dependence (78%). The main motivational stage was contemplation/action (43%); the anxiety rate was 64% and the depression rate was 39%. The quitting rate was 66% among adherents and 17% among non-adherents (P < 0.001). Lack of success was correlated with absence of leisure, higher education and absence of tobacco-related disease. CONCLUSION: The variables of lack of leisure activities, higher education and/or lack of tobacco-related disease correlated with failure to quit smoking among smokers who sought treatment at an outpatient clinic in a tertiary general hospital.1296380386Tabaco e pobreza: Um ciclo vicioso, , http://www.opas.org.br/MOSTRANT.CFM?CODIGODEST=213, Organização Panamericana de Saúde. Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)(2009) WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments, , http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563918_eng_full.pdf, World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health OrganizationAvailable from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Tabagismo 2008, , http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/trabalhoerendimento/pnad2008/suplementos/tabagismo/tab3_2.pdf, Brasil. Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Estimativas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer em 2003, , http://www.inca.gov.br/releases/press_release_view_arq.asp?ID=34, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 17)Azevedo, R.C.S., Boscolo, M.M., Higa, C.M., Diretrizes para abordagem do tabagista, , http://www.fcm.unicamp.br/diretrizes/d_n_c/diretr_abord_tabagista/diretr_abord_tabagista_pag_1.html, Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Jain, A., Treating nicotine addiction (2003) BMJ., 327 (7428), pp. 1394-1395van Loon, A.J., Tijhuis, M., Surtees, P.G., Ormel, J., Determinants of smoking status: Cross-sectional data on smoking initiation and cessation (2005) Eur J Public Health., 15 (3), pp. 256-261Melo, W.V., Oliveira, M.S., Ferreira, E.A., Motivational stages, anxiety and depression symptoms during smoking treatment (2006) Interação Psicol., 10 (1), pp. 91-99Fagerström, K.O., Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment (1978) Addict Behav., 3 (3-4), pp. 235-241Figlie, N.B., Pillon, S.C., Dunn, J., Laranjeira, R., The frequency of smoking and problem drinking among general hospital inpatients in Brazil-using the AUDIT and Fagerström questionnaires (2000) Sao Paulo Med J., 118 (5), pp. 139-143McConnaughy, E.A., DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., Stages of change in psychotherapy: A follow-up report (1989) Psychotherapy: Theory/Research/Practice/Training., 26 (4), pp. 494-503. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033320409605283, Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Prochaska, J.O., di Clemente, C.C., Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change (1982) Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice., 19 (3), pp. 276-288. , http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/psycarticles-reg/transtheoretical-therapy-toward-a-more-integrative-model-of-change-c76zXPn7tM, Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Zigmond, A.S., Snaith, R.P., The hospital anxiety and depression scale (1983) Acta Psychiatr Scand., 67 (6), pp. 361-370Botega, N.J., Bio, M.R., Zomignani, M.A., Garcia, C., Pereira, W.A., Transtornos do humor em enfermaria de clínica médica e validação de escala de medida (HAD) de ansiedade e depressão [Mood disorders among inpatients in ambulatory and validation of the anxiety and depression scale HAD] (1995) Rev Saude Publica., 29 (5), pp. 355-363Fique atento! Doenças associadas ao uso dos derivados do tabaco Conheça o cigarro por dentro, , http://www.inca.gov.br/tabagismo/frameset.asp?item=atento&link=conheca.htm, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Nacional do Câncer. Available from: Accessed in 2011 (Jun 2)Haggsträm, F.M., Chatkin, J.M., Cavalet-Blanco, D., Rodin, V., Fritsher, C.C., Smoking cessation with bupropion and nicotine replacement (2001) J Pneumol., 27 (5), pp. 255-261Sales, M.P.U., Figueiredo, M.R.F., Oliveira, M.I., Castro, H.N., Outpatient smoking cessation program in the state of Ceará, Brazil: Patient profiles and factors associated with treatment success (2006) J Bras Pneumol., 32 (5), pp. 410-417Abdullah, A.S., Yam, H.K., Intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit, and successful quitting among Hong Kong Chinese smokers: Population prevalence and predictors (2005) Am J Health Promot., 19 (5), pp. 346-354Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry., 51 (1), pp. 8-19Slovinec D'Angelo, M.E., Reid, R.D., Hotz, S., Is stress management training a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation in women? Results of a randomized trial (2005) Am J Health Promot., 20 (2), pp. 127-134Croghan, I.T., Ebbert, J.O., Hurt, R.D., Gender differences among smokers receiving interventions for tobacco dependence in a medical setting (2009) Addict Behav., 34 (1), pp. 61-67Lindström, M., Isacsson, S.O., Elmståhl, S., Impact of different aspects of social participation and social capital on smoking cessation among daily smokers: A longitudinal study (2003) Tob Control., 12 (3), pp. 274-281Broms, U., Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Smoking cessation by socioeconomic status and marital status: The contribution of smoking behavior and family background (2004) Nicotine Tob Res., 6 (3), pp. 447-455Castro, M.R.P., Matsuo, T., Nunes, S.O.V., Clinical characteristics and quality of life of smokers at a referral center for smoking cessation (2010) J Bras Pneumol., 36 (1), pp. 67-7

Patients With Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders Treated In A Psychiatric Emergency Unit

Study type: Prevalence study. Objective: To describe the socio demographic and clinical profile of patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance (PAS) use, evaluated by the Psychiatric team of the Referenced Emergency Unit (REU) at the State University Clinical Hospital of Campinas (UNICAMP-HC). Methods and casuistic: This is a descriptive and quantitative study, which analyzed patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to PAS use, evaluated by the Psychiatric team of the REU-HC-UNICAMP during a period of 12 months, starting on May 2010. Results: There were evaluated 350 patients with PAS related disorders, representing 23.8% of those who sought psychiatric care. Most were males and younger than other patients of the emergency unit. The main reason for seeking help was psychiatric complaint other than PAS related disorders (23.1%), followed by desire to be treated oneself/being admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment (20.8%) and intoxication (12.5%); 38.5% had a diagnosis of multiple PAS dependence and 34.8% were diagnosed with isolated alcohol dependence; 36% had psychiatric comorbidities and, when compared to other patients, they received more medications during attendance and were less directed to primary care units. Conclusion: There is a high rate of consultations of patients with PAS related problems in the psychiatric emergency unit. Data on the profile of the evaluated these patients can contribute to the improvement of care to this population.49214315

Brazilian University Students: Predictors Of Seeking Mental Health Care For A Second Time [estudantes Universitários Brasileiros: Preditores De Uma Segunda Busca Por Atendimento Em Saúde Mental]

[No abstract available]1293181182Oliveira, M.L., Dantas, C.R., Azevedo, R.C., Banzato, C.E., Demographics and complaints of uni-versity students who sought help at a campus mental health service between 1987 and 2004 (2008) Sao Paulo Med J, 126 (1), pp. 58-6

Why Is Environmental Adaptation And Acculturation Relevant When Seeking To Conduct Qualitative Research In Drug Dependency Services? [por Que é Relevante A Ambientação E A Aculturação Visando Pesquisas Qualitativas Em Serviços Para Dependência Química?]

This study conducted at the Outpatient Service of Psychoactive Substances, in the University General Hospital of Campinas, sought to report on an experience of proactive participation to study the life experience of chemically dependent patients attended in a specialized university service. These observations emerged from the researcher's experiences in the environmental adaptation and acculturation period, namely through the researcher insertion in the outpatient service, during the preliminary data collection for qualitative research. This experience was important as it enabled clearer comprehension of the psycho-cultural universe of the population attended and how the relation professional-patient is conducted, broadening the knowledge of the field where the research was later carried out. From this initial entry in the field, it was possible to define the subject-matter and the population being studied more clearly, adapting to the needs and the reality observed in that service, as well as to reflect on the research method that serve to better understand the issues raised, and even draw up a roadmap for future interviews in the study. It was concluded that this preliminary stage is very useful as standard practice in new studies using the same methodology in clinical settings.18618271834Fontanella, B.J.B., (2000) Procura De Tratamento Por Dependentes De Substâncias Psicoativas: Um Estudo Clínicoqualitativo [tese], , Campinas: UnicampNunes, E.D., A trajetória das ciências sociais em saúde na América Latina: Revisão da produção científica (2006) Rev Saude Publica, 40, pp. 64-72. , N. EspNunes, E.D., As ciências sociais em saúde: Reflexões sobre as origens e a construção de um campo de conhecimento (1992) Saúde Soc, 1 (1), pp. 59-84Turato, E.R., (2003) Tratado De Metodologia Da Pesquisa Clínico- Qualitativa - Construção Teórico-epistemológica, Discussão Comparada E Aplicação Nas Áreas De Saúde E Humanas, , 2a Edição. Petrópolis: Editora VozesSchmidt, M.L.S., Pesquisa participante: Alteridade e comunidades interpretativas (2006) Psicol USP, 17 (2), pp. 11-41Fontoura, H.A., A etnografia na saúde: Tecendo perspectives interdisciplinares (2007) Rev Socerj, 20 (4), pp. 309-312Giumbelli, E., Para além do "Trabalho de Campo": Reflexões supostamente malinowskianas (2002) Rev Bras Ciênc Soc, 17 (48), pp. 91-107Minayo, M.C.S., (2007) O Desafio De Conhecimento: Pesquisa Qualitativa Em Saúde, , 10a Edição. São Paulo: HucitecFontanella, B.J.B., Campos, C.J.G., Turato, E.R., Coleta de dados na pesquisa clínico-qualitativa: Uso de entrevistas não-dirigidas de questões abertas por profissionais da saúde (2006) Rev Latino-am Enfermagem, 14 (5), pp. 812-820Caprara, A., Landim, L.P., Etnografia: Uso, potencialidades e limites na pesquisa em saúde (2008) Interface Comun Saúde Educ, 12 (25), pp. 363-376Leite, S.N., Vasconcellos, M.P.C., Construindo o campo da pesquisa: Reflexões sobre a sociabilidade estabelecida entre pesquisador e seus informantes (2007) Saúde Soc, 16 (3), pp. 169-177Clifford, J., (2002) A Experiência Etnográfica: Antropologia E Literatura No Século XX, , Rio de Janeiro: Editora UFRJRabinow, P., (1999) Antropologia Da Razão: Ensaios De Paul Rabinow, , Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumaráda Mata, R., O ofício de etnólogo, ou Ter Anthropological Blues (1978) A Aventura Sociológica, , Nunes EO, organizador., Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Zahar EditoresFiore, M., (2007) Uso De "drogas": Controvérsias Médicas E Debate Público, , Campinas: Mercado das Letras(1993) Classificação De Transtornos Mentais E De Comportamento Da CID-10, , Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas(1994) Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV), , American Psychiatric Association (APA), Washington (DC): APASilveira, F.D.X., Gorgulho, M., (1996) Dependência: Compreensão E Assistência Às Toxicomanias: Uma Experiência Do PROAD, , organizadores, São Paulo: Casa do PsicólogoBackes, M.T.S., Rosa, L.M., Fernandes, G.C.M., Becker, S.G., Meirelles, B.H.S., Santos, S.M.A., Conceitos de Saúde e Doença ao Longo da História sob o Olhar Epidemiológico e Antropológico (2009) Rev. Enferm, 17 (1), pp. 111-117Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., (2001) Entrevista Motivacional: Preparando As Pessoas Para a Mudança De Comportamentos Adictivos, , Porto Alegre: ArtmedDalmolin, B.M., Lopes, S.M.B., Vasconcellos, M.P.C., A construção metodológica do campo: Etnografia, criatividade e sensibilidade na investigação (2002) Saude Soc, 11 (2), pp. 19-34Velho, G., Observando o familiar (1978) A Aventura Sociológica, , Nunes EO, organizador, Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editore

Views On Treatment Adherence Among Psychoactive Substance-dependent Women In The Outpatient Setting: A Qualitative Study [significados Atribuídos Por Mulheres Dependentes De Substâncias Psicoativas à Adesão Ao Tratamento No Contexto Ambulatorial: Um Estudo Qualitative]

Introduction: In the female population, adherence to specialist clinical treatment for psychoactive substance dependence has peculiar characteristics in terms of therapeutic approaches available to addicts in general. A smaller number of women seek specialist treatment in comparison with men. Traditionally, most health care services specializing in chemical dependence provide similar therapies to both menor women, including the use of mixed-sex groups at some facilities. Objective: To discuss the views or psychological meanings attributed bywomen with substance use disorders to phenomena associated with adherence to treatment at a specialist university outpatient clinic. Methods: The qualitative-clinical method was used, i.e., an approach characterized by the typically qualitative focus of human sciences adapted to health care settings. The semi-structured interview technique with open questions was used for data collection, combined with observation of the women interviewed. Data were processed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories of treatment outcomes emerged: 1) significant motivations to seek and follow the treatment proposed; 2) symbolic meanings attributed to the drug; 3) psychological representations of lack of motivation to explain difficulties adhering to treatment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the motivations of addicted women to seek treatment vary, but highlight the fact that the substance used becomes perceived as something that causes significant losses and hinders the proper exercise of women's role in family and social contexts. A warm welcoming is considered essential for a patient to adhere to treatment, offsetting the strong physical pleasure associated with psychoactive substance use. © APRS.344198206Byqvist, S., Drug-abusing women in Sweden: Marginalization, social exclusion and gender differences (2006) J Psychoactive Drugs, 38, pp. 427-440Gastal, F.L., Leite, S.S., Treptow, E.C., Marini, S.S., Noal, M.V., Binz, M.A., Mental health, women and social change: A progressive institutional profile from 1931 to 2000 (2006) Rev Psiquiatr Rio Gd Sul, 28, pp. 245-254Silveira, F.D.X., Gorgulho, M., Dependência: Compreensão E Assistência Às Toxicomanias: Uma Experiência Do PROAD (1996), São Paulo: Casa do PsicólogoRamos, S.P., A psicanálise e os dependentes de substâncias psicoativas: Onde está o pai? (2004) Rev Bras Psicanal, 38, pp. 649-677Bento, V.E., Para uma semiologia psicanalítica das toxicomanias: Adicções e paixões tóxicas no Freud prépsicanalítico (2007) Rev Mal-Estar Subj, 7, pp. 89-121Freud, S., Sobre o narcisismo: Uma introdução (1989) Edição Standard Brasileira Das Obras Psicológicas Completas De Sigmund Freud, 14, pp. 85-119. , In: Freud S. (1914), Rio de Janeiro: ImagoFreud, S., Três ensaios sobre a teoria da sexualidade (1989) Edição Standard Brasileira Das Obras Psicológicas Completas De Sigmund Freud, 7, pp. 118-228. , In: Freud S. (1905), Rio de Janeiro: ImagoGianesi, A.P., A toxicomania e o sujeito da psicanálise (2005) Psyche, 9, pp. 125-138Fontanella, B.J., Tratamento Das Toxicomanias: Impasses Na Medicina, Tentativas De Respostas - Dados Sobre Campinas (1991), [dissertação]. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasCastilho, E.A., Szwarcwald, C.L., Brito, A.M., Fatores associados à interrupção de tratamento anti-retroviral em adultos com AIDS: Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, 1999-2002 (2006) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 52, pp. 86-92Gonçalves, H., Costa, J.S., Menezes, A.M., Knauth, D., Leal, O.F., Adesão à terapêutica da tuberculose em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul: Na perspectiva do paciente (1999) Cad Saude Publica, 15, pp. 777-787Osorio, A.R., Salazar, C., McCusker, M., Evaluación de un servicio para mujeres que abusan de sustancias psicotrópicas (2001) Rev. Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiatr, 39, pp. 203-210Hall, J.L., van Teijlingen, E.R., A qualitative study of an integrated maternity, drugs and social care service for drug-using women (2006) BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 6, p. 19Hochgraf, P.B., Mulheres farmacodependentes (2001) J Bras Depend Quim, 2 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 34-37Greenfield, S.F., Trucco, E.M., McHugh, R.K., Lincoln, M., Gallop, R.J., The women's recovery group study: A stage I trial of womenfocused group therapy for substance use disorders versus mixed-gender group drug counseling (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend, 90, pp. 39-47Bosi, M.L., Mercado, F.J., Pesquisa Qualitativa De Serviços De Saúde (2004), Petrópolis: VozesTurato, E.R., Tratado De Metodologia Da Pesquisa Clínicoqualitativa: Construção Teórico-epistemológica, Discussão Comparada E Aplicação Nas Áreas De Saúde E Humanas (2010), 4th ed. Petrópolis: VozesNichter, M., Quintero, G., Nichter, M., Mock, J., Shakib, S., Qualitative research: Contributions to the study of drug use, drug abuse, and drug use(r)-related interventions (2004) Subst Use Misuse, 39, pp. 1907-1969Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.L., (1999) The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research, , New Brunswick: Aldine TransactionMinayo, M.C., O Desafio De Conhecimento: Pesquisa Qualitative Em Saúde (2007), 10th ed. São Paulo: HucitecDias, O.M., Turato, E.R., Cigarette smokers' views on their habit and the causes of their illness following lung cancer diagnosis: A clinical-qualitative study (2006) Sao Paulo Med J, 124, pp. 125-129Macmaster, S.A., Experiences with and perceptions of barriers to substance abuse and HIV risk services among African American women who use crack cocaine (2005) J Ethn Subst Abuse, 4, pp. 53-75Cohenm, J.B., Greenberg, R., Uri, J., Halpin, M., Zweben, J.E., Women with methamphetamine dependence: Research on etiology and treatment (2007) J Psychoactive Drugs, 4 (SUPPL.), pp. 347-351Hernandez-Avila, C.A., Rounsaville, B.J., Kranzler, H.R., Opioid-, cannabis-, and alcohol-dependent women show more rapid progression to substance abuse treatment (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend, 74, pp. 265-272Passey, M., Sheldrake, M., Leitch, K., Gilmore, V., Impact of case management on rural women's quality of life and substance use (2007) Rural Remote Health, 7, p. 710Fontanella, B.J., Campos, C.J., Turato, E.R., Coleta de dados na pesquisa clínico-qualitativa: Uso de entrevistas não-dirigidas de questões abertas por profissionais da saúde (2006) Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 14, pp. 812-820Young, A.M., Boyd, C., Faan, R.N., Hubbell, A., Social isolation and sexual abuse among women who smoke crack (2001) J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 39, pp. 12-20Vaddiparti, K., Bogetto, J., Callahan, C., Abdallah, A.B., Spitznagel, E.L., Cottler, L.B., The effects of childhood trauma on sex trading in substance-using women (2006) Arch Sex Behav, 35, pp. 451-459Knight, D.K., Hood, P.E., Logan, S.M., Chatham, L.R., (1999) Residential Treatment For Women With Dependent Children: One Agency's Approach, 31, pp. 339-351Warner, L.A., Alegria, M., Canino, G., Remission from drug dependence symptoms and drug use cessation among women drug users (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61, pp. 1034-1041Nobrega, M.P., Oliveira, E.M., Mulheres usuárias de álcool: Análise qualitativa (2005) Rev Saude Publica, 5, pp. 816-823Taylor, S.D., Women offenders and reentry issues (1986) J Psychoactive Drugs, 28, pp. 85-93Bento, V., A psicopatologia da drogadicção: Uma abordagem psicanalítica (1987) Arq Bras Psicol, 39, pp. 41-5

Demographics And Complaints Of University Students Who Sought Help At A Campus Mental Health Service Between 1987 And 2004

Context and Objective: Client characterization is an important step in evaluating the services offered by campus counseling and mental health centers and in their further planning and development. The objectives here were to describe reported complaints and demographics among students who sought counseling/mental healthcare at a Brazilian campus mental health service over a 17-year period and to compare these characteristics with those of the general university student body. Design and Setting: Retrospective study of the Psychological and Psychiatric Service for Students (SAPPE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Methods: The participants were all of the 2,194 students who sought counseling/mental health care at SAPPE from 1987 to 2004. Information was obtained from clients' clinical charts. Unicamps database was consulted for general information on its students. Results: The finding indicated overrepresentation, among the clients, of undergraduates, female students, students from Brazilian states other than São Paulo, students living in the campus residence hall and those whose main source of income was a scholarship grant. We also found overrepresentation of Humanities and Arts students among the clients. The most frequently reported complaints were difficulties in interpersonal relationships, family conflicts and poor academic performance. Conclusion: Course level (undergraduate or postgraduate), study field, living in a university grant were found to influence the behavior of seeking mental health counseling among Brazilian university students in this study. Course level was found to influence the pattern of complaints reported at first contact with the mental health service.12615862Hahn, M.S., (1994), Estudo da clientela de um programa de atenção em saúde mental junto ao estudante universitário de São Carlos, Dissertation, Campinas SP, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas;Mowbray, C.T., Megivern, D., Mandiberg, J.M., Campus mental health services: Recommendations for change (2006) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 76 (2), pp. 226-237Toews, J.A., Lockyer, J.M., Dobson, D.J., Analysis of stress levels among medical students, residents, and graduate students at four Canadian schools of medicine (1997) Acad Med, 72 (11), pp. 997-1002de Meis, L., Velloso, A., Lannes, D., Carmo, M.S., de Meis, C., The growing competition in Brazilian science: Rites of passage, stress and burnout (2003) Braz J Med Biol Res, 36 (9), pp. 1135-1141Nogueira-Martins, L.A., Fagnani Neto, R., Macedo, P.C., Cítero, V.A., Mari, J.J., The mental health of graduate students a the Federal University of São Paulo: A preliminary report (2004) Braz J Med Biol Res, 37 (10), pp. 1519-1524Milan, L.R., Souza, E.N., De Marco, O.L.N., Rossi, E., Arruda, P.C.V., O I encontro paulista dos serviços de assistência psicológica ao estudante universitário. [The first São Paulo meeting on mental health services for college students]. (1998) Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Univ São Paulo, 53 (3), pp. 156-161Pinkerton, R.S., Rockwell, W.J., Very brief psychological interventions with university students (1994) J Am Coll Health, 42 (4), pp. 156-162Bertocci, D., Hirsch, E., Summer, W., Williams, A., Student mental health needs: Survey results and implications for service (1992) J Am Coll Health, 41 (1), pp. 3-10(2004), http://www.aeplan.unicamp.br/anuario_estatistico_2004/indice_pdf.html, Available from:, Accessed in 2008 Jan 7Leong, F.T.L., Zachar, P., Gender and opinions about mental illness as predictors of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (1999) British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 27 (1), pp. 123-132. , http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_Search_Value_0=EJ590794&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=ericćno&accno=EJ590794, Aug 8, Available from:, Accessed in 2007Fagnani Neto, R., Obara, C.S., Macedo, P.C., Cítero, V.A., Nogueira-Martins, L.A., Clinical and demographic profile of users of a mental health system for medical residents and other health professionals undergoing training at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (2004) Sao Paulo Med J, 122 (4), pp. 152-157Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., Gollust, S.E., Help-seeking and access to mental health care in a university student population (2007) Med Care, 45 (7), pp. 594-601Schweitzer, R.D., Problems and awareness of support services among students at an urban Australian university (1996) J Am Coll Health, 45 (2), pp. 73-77Edur-Baker, O., Aberson, C.L., Barrow, J.C., Draper, M.R., Nature and severity of college students' psychological concerns: A comparison of clinical and nonclinical national samples (2006) Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 37 (3), pp. 317-323. , http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrda.do?UIN=189390888&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine, Nov 28, Available from:, Accessed in 2007Wagner, G.A., Stempliuk, V.A., Zilberman, M.L., Barroso, L.P., Andrade, A.G., Alcohol and drug use among university students: Gender differences (2007) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 29 (2), pp. 123-129Stempliuk, V.A., Barroso, L.F., Andrade, A.G., Nicastri, S., Malbergier, A., Comparative study of drug use among undergraduate students at the University of São Paulo: São Paulo campus in 1996 and 2001 (2005) Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 27 (3), pp. 185-193Benton, S.A., Robertson, J.M., Tseng, W.C., Newton, F.B., Benton, S.L., Changes in counseling center client problems across 13 years (2003) Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 34 (1), pp. 66-72. , http://www.apa.org/journals/releases/pro34166.pdf, Nov 28, Available from:, Accessed in 200

Sexual Violence: A Descriptive Study Of Rape Victims And Care In A University Referral Center In São Paulo State, Brazil [violência Sexual: Estudo Descritivo Sobre As Vítimas E O Atendimento Em Um Service Universitário De Referência No Estado De São Paulo, Brasil]

Rape is a global public health problem, and steps have been taken to encourage studies on the issue and propose interventions for its prevention and appropriate care. This study aimed to characterize the population of female rape victims and describe the characteristics of the sexual assault and the care provided at a university referral center. This was a quantitative retrospective study of care provided to female rape victims from June 2006 to December 2010. The majority of the women (n = 687) were white, single, had no children, with a mean age of 23.7 years and primary to secondary schooling, employed, and practiced a religion. One-fourth of the victims reported no sexual intercourse prior to the sexual assault. Rape occurred mainly at night, on the street, perpetrated by a single stranger, with vaginal penetration, and with threatened or actual force. Most of the victims had reported the rape to someone and felt supported. Early care occurred for almost 90% of women, allowing preventive measures. From 2006 to 2010 there was an increase in the proportion of women that sought help. Better knowledge of the characteristics of this group and the event itself can help improve the structure and functioning of models to assist rape victims.295889898Oliveira, E.M., Barbosa, R.M., Moura, A.A.V.M., Kossel, K., Morelli, K., Botelho, L.F.F., Atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Um estudo qualitativo (2005) Rev Saúde Pública, 39, pp. 376-382Krug, E.G., Dahlberg, L.L., Mercy, J.A., Zwi, A.B., Lozano, R., (2002) World Report On Violence and Health, , editors, Geneva: World Health Organization(2008) Temático Prevenção De Violências E Cultura Da Paz III, , Ministério da Saúde, Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da SaúdeBlack, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., (2011) The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta: National Center For Injury Prevention and Control, , Centers for Disease Control and PreventionBasile, K.C., Smith, S.G., Sexual violence victimization of women: Prevalence, characteristics, and the role of public health and prevention (2011) Am J Lifestyle Med, 5, pp. 407-417(2009), 10. , Brasil. Lei no 12.015, de 7 de agosto de 2009. Altera o Título VI da Parte Especial do Decreto-Lei no 2.848, de 7 de dezembro de 1940 - Código Penal, e o art. 1o da Lei no 8.072, de 25 de julho de 1990, que dispõe sobre os crimes hediondos, nos termos do inciso XLIII do art. 5o da Constituição Federal e revoga a Lei no 2.252, de 10 de julho de 1954, que trata de corrupção de menores. Diário Oficial da União, agoMason, F., Lodrick, Z., Psychological consequences of sexual assault (2013) Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 27, pp. 27-37Grossin, C., Sibille, I., Grandmaison, G.L., Banasr, A., Brion, F., Durigon, M., Analysis of 418 cases of sexual assault (2003) Forensic Sci Int, 131, pp. 125-130Favarelli, C., Giugni, A., Salvatori, S., Ricca, V., Psychopathology after rape (2004) Am J Psychiatry, 161, pp. 1483-1485Campbell, L., Keegan, A., Cybulska, B., Forster, G., Prevalence of mental health problems and deliberate self-harm in complainants of sexual violence (2007) J Forensic Leg Med, 14, pp. 75-78(1993) Declaration On the Elimination of Violence Against Women, , United Nations General Assembly, Geneva: United Nations(2010) Ministério Da Saúde, , Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Prevenção e tratamento dos agravos resultantes da violência contra mulheres e adolescentes: norma técnica. 3a Ed. Brasília: Ministério da SaúdeDegue, S., Simon, T.R., Basile, K.C., Yee, S.L., Lang, K., Spivak, H., Moving forward by looking back: Reflecting on a decade of CDC's work on sexual violence prevention, 2000-2010 (2012) J Womens Health (Larchmt), 21, pp. 1211-1218Bedone, A.J., Faúndes, A., Atendimento integral às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Centro de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 465-469Higa, R., Mondaca, A.D.C.A., Reis, M.J., Lopes, M.H.B.M., Atendimento àmulher vítima de violência sexual: Protocolo de Assistência de Enfermagem (2008) Rev Esc Enferm USP, 42, pp. 377-382Maia, C.A.T., Mondaca, A.D.C.A., Duarte, C.S., Lima, J.A., Colodo, M., Lemos, T.M., Mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Atendimento multidisciplinar (2000) Femina, 28, pp. 155-161Estatística De Criminalidade, , http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/estatistica/downloads/manual.pdf, Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento, Secretaria da Segurança Pública de São Paulo, Manual de interpretação, acessado em 1/Ago/2010Rand, M., Catalano, S., (2006) Criminal Victimization, , http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pubalp2.htm#cvus, acessado em 06/Jun/2010Madi, S.R.C., Knob, L.F., Lorencetti, J., Marcon, N.O., Madi, J.M., Sexual violence: Experience of a Program for the Care of Sexual Violence Victims (PRAVIVIS) at a General Hospital in Caxias do Sul, South Brazil (2010) Rev AMRIGS, 54, pp. 13-18Danielson, C.K., Holmes, M.M., Adolescent sexual assault: An update of the literature (2004) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 16, pp. 383-388Mattar, R., Abraão, A.R., Andalaft, N.J., Colas, O.R., Schroeder, I., Machado, S.J.R., Assistência multiprofissional à vitima de violência sexual: A experiência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (2007) Cad Saúde Pública, 23, pp. 459-464Andrade, R.P., Guimarães, A.C.P., Fagoti, F.A., Carvalho, N.S., Arrabal, J.S., Rocha, D.M., Características demográficas e intervalo para atendimento em mulheres vítimas de violência sexual (2001) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 23, pp. 583-587Lopes, I.M.R.S., Gomes, K.R.O., Silva, B.B., Deus, M.C.B.R., Galvão, E.R.C.G.N., Borba, D.C., Caracterização da violência sexual em mulheres atendidas no projeto Maria-Maria em Teresina-PI (2004) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 26, pp. 111-116http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/amostra/, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados gerais da amostra do Censo Demográfico de 2010, acessado em 25/Jul/2012Oliveira, P.M., Carvalho, M.L.O., Perfil das mulheres atendidas no Programa Municipal de Atendimento à Mulher Vítima de Violência Sexual em Londrina- PR e as circunstâncias da violência sofrida: Período de outubro de 2001 a agosto de 2004 (2006) Semina Ciênc Biol Saúde, 27, pp. 3-11Coid, J., Petruckevitch, A., Chung, W.S., Richardson, J., Moorey, S., Feder, G., Abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity in women primary care attenders (2003) Br J Psychiatry, 183, pp. 332-339Filkenhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., Hamby, S.L., The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey (2005) Child Maltreat, 10, pp. 5-25Guimarães, J.A.T.L., Villela, W.V., Características da violência física e sexual contra crianças e adolescentes atendidos no IML de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil (2011) Cad Saúde Pública, 27, pp. 1647-1653Belknap, J., Rape: Too hard to report and too easy to discredit victims (2010) Violence Against Women, 16, pp. 1335-1344Oshikata, C.T., Bedone, A.J., Papa, M.S.F., Santos, G.B., Pinheiro, C.D., Kalies, A.H., Características das mulheres violentadas sexualmente e da adesão ao seguimento ambulatorial: Tendências observadas ao longo dos anos em um serviço de referência em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (2011) Cad Saúde Pública, 27, pp. 701-713Kaukinen, C.E., Demaris, A., Age at first sexual assault and current substance use and depression (2005) J Interpers Violence, 20, pp. 1244-1270Ahrens, C.E., Campbell, R., Assisting rape victims as they recover from rape: The impact of friends (2000) J Interpers Violence, 15, pp. 959-986Ruback, R.B., Ivie, D.L., Prior relationship, resistance and injury rapes: An analysis of crisis center records (1988) Violence Vict, 3, pp. 99-111Wortman, C., Lehman, D., Reactions to victims of life crisis: Support attempts that fail (1985) Social Support: Theory, Research, and Applications, pp. 463-489. , In: Sarason I, Sarason B, editors, Boston: Martinus NijhoffTaylor, S., Wood, J., Lichtman, R.R., It could be worse: Selective evaluation as a response to victimization (1983) J Soc Issues, 39, pp. 19-40Lempert, L., Women's strategies for survival: Developing agency in abusive relationships (1996) J Fam Violence, 11, pp. 269-28