Bioclimatologia aplicada à produção de bovinos leiteiros nos trópicos.

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Adaptabilidade de bovinos da Raça Pé-duro às condições climáticas do Semi-Árido do Estado do Piauí.

Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Estação Experimental Octavio Domingues, pertencente à Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), no município de São João do Piauí, no Estado do Piauí, utilizando-se 32 bovinos da raça Pé-Duro. Avaliou-se a temperatura retal (TR) e a freqüência respiratória (FR), relacionando-as ao período do ano, sexo e idade dos bovinos e ao horário do dia. A TR e a FR foram utilizadas no cálculo do coeficiente de tolerância ao calor (CTC) e do coeficiente de adaptabilidade (CA). A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar foram utilizadas para determinação do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). O ITU médio, pela manhã e à tarde foi, respectivamente, no período chuvoso, 76,9 e 78,2 e, no período seco, 77,5 e 80,9, considerados estressantes. O CTC e o CA sugerem estresse térmico. Os resultados para TR e FR mantiveram-se dentro dos valores normais para a espécie bovina, independente do período, sexo, idade e horário, o que indica adaptação da raça Pé-duro às condições experimentais. A disparidade entre os resultados dos parâmetros fisiológicos, CTC e CA e o ITU sugere a necessidade de mais pesquisas para determinação dos valores críticos desses índices para a raça Pé-Duro sob condições do semi-árido

Late Holocene evolution of the Lower Tagus alluvial plain and heavy metals content: preliminary results

This paper aims to contribute to the fluvial dynamic knowledge of the Lower Tagus during the late Holocene. Two cores were done in selected geomorphological positions at the alluvial plain. Each ten centimeters of sediments were submitted to sedimentological and geochemical analyses in order to identify human contamination by heavy metals, sedimentation rates and environmental changes in the main channel position. The main conclusions are: (1) The witness of the lateral migration of the fluvial channel; (2) The very irregular sedimentation rate, from 3mm per year to 0.1mm per year; (3) The diversified contamination of fluvial sediments and fluvial channels by heavy metals, namely Cu due to cooper sulphate vineyards and Pb due to petrol and Cr from the tanning industries.Este trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la dinámica fluvial del curso inferior del río Tajo durante el Holoceno final. Se han realizado dos sondeos en lugares seleccionados de la llanura aluvial. Muestras del sedimento obtenidas cada diez centímetros se han analizado con el fin de identificar la contaminación humana con metales pesados, las tasas de sedimentación y posibles cambios en la posición del cauce principal. Las conclusiones más importantes son: (1) La prueba de la existencia de migración lateral del cauce fluvial; (2) La gran irregularidad de la tasa de sedimentación, que varia entre 0,1 y 3mm por año; (3) La variada contaminación de los sedimentos fluviales y de los cauces por metales pesados, especialmente Cu debido a la aplicación de sulfato de cobre en viñedos, Pb debido al petróleo y Cr por las industrias de curtidos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Equilibria, periodic orbits around equilibria, and heteroclinic connections in the gravity field of a rotating homogeneous cube

This paper investigates the dynamics of a particle orbiting around a rotating homogeneous cube, and shows fruitful results that have implications for examining the dynamics of orbits around non-spherical celestial bodies. This study can be considered as an extension of previous research work on the dynamics of orbits around simple shaped bodies, including a straight segment, a circular ring, an annulus disk, and simple planar plates with backgrounds in celestial mechanics. In the synodic reference frame, the model of a rotating cube is established, the equilibria are calculated, and their linear stabilities are determined. Periodic orbits around the equilibria are computed using the traditional differential correction method, and their stabilities are determined by the eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix. The existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits connecting periodic orbits around the equilibria is examined and proved numerically in order to understand the global orbit structure of the system. This study contributes to the investigation of irregular shaped celestial bodies that can be divided into a set of cubes.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Nutritional divergence in genotypes of forage peanut.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional divergence between ten genotypes of forage peanut, based on chemical composition as well as fermentation and in vitro degradation kinetic characteristics. Treatments consisted of ten genotypes of Arachis pintoi, namely eight accessions (31135, 30333, 15121, 31828, 15598, 31534, 13251 and 31496) and two cultivars (cv. Belmonte and cv. Amarillo). The genotypes were harvested in each plot at a height of 3 cm from the ground, in 42-day intervals, during the time of heaviest rainfall. For the multivariate analysis the following variables, the following were used: crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, potential degradation in 48 hours, degradation rate of insoluble potentially degradable fraction and degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrate. The application of the hierarchical clustering analysis, using the Euclidian distances matrix of standardized averages allowed for the identification of five homogeneous groups. Among them, the accessions 31828, 31534, 15121 and cv. Belmonte stood out nutritionally among the remaining genotypes evaluated, depicting as promising for the utilization in ruminant feeding

As cheias na construção e evolução da Lezíria do Tejo: síntese de dois projetos

This article presents a summary of the final results of two projects funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the field of fluvial dynamics, specifically, the floods of the greatest Portuguese rivers and the results of which are scattered in chapters of books, articles, abstracts, conferences or have never been disclosed as a whole: IDAFRE (An Interdisciplinary Approach to Flood Risk Evaluation - Hydrology, Geomorphology and Sedimentology of the Douro, Tagus and Sado Basins) (1997-2001) and GEOTARIF (Geology and Archaeology of the Tagus Floodplain Over Time) (2002-2006), where the Tagus river was mainly studied. The methods used can be divided into three categories: 1) data research in libraries, periodical archives, topographic and geological maps, history books, newspapers and magazines and old and recent bibliography, reconstruction of the history of the Tagus through the various sources consulted, with special relevance to the changes of the river channel throughout history, elaboration of flood and degree hazard maps; 2) field work for in situ observation of flood marks and their cataloguing, carrying out both manual and mechanical cores, sampling in present-day geomorphological elements of the alluvial plain, field observation of old abandoned channels and other morphological elements, monitoring and photographing flood episodes that took place between 1997 and 2006; 3) laboratory analyses of samples from all the cores, including sedimentological, pollen, organic matter, geochemical, 137Cs and 210Pb dating analyses, and analyses of radionuclide concentrations in the sediments of the alluvial plain. This set of techniques and methodologies made possible the development of a Flood Hazard map, calculation of the return period, the development of a table of the impact indices for progressive floods, variations in channel positioning, channel bars, natural dikes and flood plain and channel infilling, the variation of sedimentation rates throughout the twentieth century, the concentration of the floodplain by the contamination by heavy metals and radionuclides.The available data also allowed evaluate the evolution of the Tagus since the last glacial maximum, where it was probably an anastomosed river that carried sandy and pebbly sediments regarding a lower sea level than the present-day one. During the Holocene, the river built an alluvial plain composed of fine sediments with large and relatively stable isles between the channels, in an anastomosed pattern. However, successive human interventions in the alluvial plain are responsible for its transformation into a single channel river with alternating bars. The building up of the Tagus alluvial plain, throughout the Holocene, depended on natural causes affecting the entire drainage basin (climatic fluctuations and sea level rise) and anthropogenic causes, manifested either in the basin or in the floodplain, markedly obvious during the Bronze Age (from 3500 cal BP), with large-scale deforestation and consequent soil erosion, leading to a huge increase in the sedimentation rates of the floodplain. The direct human intervention on the Tagus alluvial plain was felt mainly from the Roman period on and intensified at the beginning of Portuguese nationality; XIII-XIV centuries (reign of D. Dinis). These interventions were aimed at draining alluvial plains with poor drainage, protecting agricultural lands from flood destruction and making the Tagus navigable, by avoiding its silting. The results show the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, in which the combination of different data allows a clear evolution in the research of sedimentary environments as complex as the alluvial plains.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterização físico-química da farinha da casca de manga cv. Tommy atkins.

A manga é cultivada nas mais diversas regiões do país e sua produção tem sido dirigida tanto para o consumo direto como para indústria de transformação

Periodic orbits in the gravity field of a fixed homogeneous cube

In the current study, the existence of periodic orbits around a fixed homogeneous cube is investigated, and the results have powerful implications for examining periodic orbits around non-spherical celestial bodies. In the two different types of symmetry planes of the fixed cube, periodic orbits are obtained using the method of the Poincar\'e surface of section. While in general positions, periodic orbits are found by the homotopy method. The results show that periodic orbits exist extensively in symmetry planes of the fixed cube, and also exist near asymmetry planes that contain the regular Hex cross section. The stability of these periodic orbits is determined on the basis of the eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix. This paper proves that the homotopy method is effective to find periodic orbits in the gravity field of the cube, which provides a new thought of searching for periodic orbits around non-spherical celestial bodies. The investigation of orbits around the cube could be considered as the first step of the complicated cases, and helps to understand the dynamics of orbits around bodies with complicated shapes. The work is an extension of the previous research work about the dynamics of orbits around some simple shaped bodies, including a straight segment, a circular ring, an annulus disk, and simple planar plates.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Efeito da temperatura do solo na simbiose da soja anual

In three greenhouse experiments the effects of high soil temperature on nodulation and nitrogen fixation were studied on four soybean varieties. Daily maximal temperatures above 33°C reduced nodule initiation and nodule efficiency while nodule growth was less affected. Rhizobium strains occurring naturally in the soil seemed more tolerant to excessive soil temperature than selected strains. Soybean varieties and Rhizobium strains varied in their tolerance to excessive soil temperatures.Foram feitos 3 experimentos em casa de vegetação para pesquisar efeitos de temperaturas excessivamente altas do solo na nodulação e fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico através da simbiose Rhizobium japonicum - Glycine max L. Merril. Temperaturas máximas diurnas acima de 33°C prejudicaram a iniciação dos nódulos e sua eficiência, observando-se efeitos menos pronunciados no desenvolvimento dos nódulos uma vez iniciados e na eficácia da simbiose proveniente da nodulação natural. Houve diferenças entre variedades de soja e estirpes de Rhizobium na tolerância à temperatura alta do solo