299 research outputs found

    Valores econômicos para características produtivas de ovinos: desenvolvimento de objetivos e critérios de seleção em sistemas de produção baseados em pastagem nativa no bioma Pampa do Brasil.

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    Resumo: O presente estudo visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético estimando ponderadores econômicos para características produtivas em ovinos criados no sul do Brasil. Foi desenvolvido modelo bio-econômico baseado nos sistemas de produção, por meio de entrevistas com produtores, revisão bibliográfica e análises do mercado atual. Foram calculados os valores econômicos para as características características reprodutivas, de sobrevivência, crescimento, lã, sanidade e de carcaça. As características de maior importância econômica foram Taxa de Parição, Prolificidade, Mortalidade dos cordeiros e Número de partos por ano, com ponderadores econômicos estimados de 0,85 e -0,85. Embora as características reprodutivas tenham baixa herdabilidade, dada à importância econômica, justifica-se o investimento na seleção de animais geneticamente superiores nas mesmas, uma vez que estas características representaram uma importância de 25, 82, 76, 99 e 49% a mais que o grupo das características de sobrevivência, crescimento, lã e sanidade, respectivamente. Economic values for traits of sheep: Influence on the objectives and criteria for selection in production systems based on native pasture in the Pampa biome of Brazil. Abstract: The present study aims to contribute to the development of breeding programs estimate economic weights for traits in sheep reared in southern Brazil. Model bio-economic was developed based on the production systems, trough interviews with producers, literature review and analysis of the current market. Values were calculated for the economic characteristics reproductive traits, survival, growth, wool, health and carcass. The major characters of economic importance were calving rate, litter size, mortality of lambs and number of births per year, with estimated economic weights of 0,85 and -0,85. Although reproductive traits have low heritability, given the economic importance justified the investment in the selection of genetically superior animals in them, since these characteristics represented an amount of 25, 82, 76, 99 and 49% more than the characteristics of survival, growth, wool and health, respectively

    Trypanosoma cruzi Immune Response Modulation Decreases Microbiota in Rhodnius prolixus Gut and Is Crucial for Parasite Survival and Development

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    Trypanosoma cruzi in order to complete its development in the digestive tract of Rhodnius prolixus needs to overcome the immune reactions and microbiota trypanolytic activity of the gut. We demonstrate that in R. prolixus following infection with epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi clone Dm28c and, in comparison with uninfected control insects, the midgut contained (i) fewer bacteria, (ii) higher parasite numbers, and (iii) reduced nitrite and nitrate production and increased phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities. In addition, in insects pre-treated with antibiotic and then infected with Dm28c, there were also reduced bacteria numbers and a higher parasite load compared with insects solely infected with parasites. Furthermore, and in contrast to insects infected with Dm28c, infection with T. cruzi Y strain resulted in a slight decreased numbers of gut bacteria but not sufficient to mediate a successful parasite infection. We conclude that infection of R. prolixus with the T. cruzi Dm28c clone modifies the host gut immune responses to decrease the microbiota population and these changes are crucial for the parasite development in the insect gut
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