Adherence to Antihypertensives in Patients With Comorbid Condition

BACKGROUND: Comorbidity has been noted as a potential barrier to proper adherence to antihypertensive medications. OBJECTIVES: We decided to investigate whether comorbidity could significantly affect adherence of Iranian patients with hypertension to their medication regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighty consecutive hypertensive patients were interviewed in 4 cities of Iran. The 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) (validated in Persian) was used to assess medication adherence. This scale determines adherence by scores as lower than 6 (low adherence), 6 or 7 (moderate adherence), and 8 (high adherence). Comorbidity was considered as any concomitant medical condition, which necessitates the patient to take medicine for a minimum of 6 months prior to the interviews. RESULTS: The most common comorbid conditions were ischemic heart disease (65 patients, 23.2%), diabetes mellitus (55 patients, 19.6%), and dyslipidemia (51 patients, 18.2%). Mean (± SD) MMAS-8 score in comorbid group was 5.68 (± 1.85) and in non-comorbid hypertensive patients, it was 5.83 (± 1.91) (P = 0.631). Mean (± SD) number of comorbidities was 1.53 (± 0.75) in low adherence group compared to 1.54 (± 0.77) in moderate/high adherers (P = 0.98). With increasing the number of comorbid diseases, the proportion of patients with high adherence decreased successively from 20% in those with no comorbid disease to 14.1% in those with one or two comorbid conditions, and finally 11.1% in those with 3 to 5 comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing the number of comorbid conditions, the proportion of patients with high adherence decreases. In our opinion, this finding is a useful clinical note for healthcare providers when managing patients with hypertension who have other medical problems at the same time

O manejo não medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial sistêmica no Sul do Brasil Non-pharmacological management of hypertension in Southern Brazil

Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base populacional entre os indivíduos de 20 a 69 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar o manejo da hipertensão e descrever as características dos indivíduos classificados com cuidados inadequados. Entre os 1.968 entrevistados, 380 eram hipertensos (19,3%), 44,1% consultaram sempre com o mesmo médico. Entre os hipertensos, 85,5% eram sedentários, 48,2% consumiam gordura em excesso e 47,4% eram fumantes. As recomendações adequadas mais realizadas pelos médicos foram restringir o sal (98,4%), interromper o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (93,7%), aconselhar dieta para emagrecer e reduzir a ingestão de gorduras (88,2%), parar de fumar (73,2%) e praticar atividades físicas (68,9%). O manejo da hipertensão foi classificado como inadequado em 284 indivíduos (74,7%; IC95%: 70,4-79,1). Constatou-se maior probabilidade de manejo adequado nas mulheres, nos indivíduos a partir dos cinqüenta anos, nas pessoas pertencentes à classe econômica A e B, em não fumantes, e nos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus. Alguns achados traduziram aspectos positivos da atenção, contudo as diferenças de cuidados de acordo com a classe social evidenciaram a falta de eqüidade assistencial.<br>A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out among individuals aged 20 to 69 years in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objective was to analyze characteristics of hypertensive patients in relation to management of arterial hypertension. Among the 1,968 interviewees, 380 were hypertensive (19.3%), and 44.1% of these always consulted the same physician. Of the entire sample, 85.5% were sedentary, 48.2% showed excessive fat consumption, and 47.4% smoked. Most physicians recommend the following: lowering salt consumption (98.4%), cessation of alcohol consumption (93.7%), for losing weight, diet and consumption of low-fat food (88.2%), smoking cessation (73.2%), and physical activity (68.9%). The clinical management was classified as inadequate in 284 individuals (74.7%). Increased probability of adequate management was found among: women, individuals > 50 years, upper and middle-class patients, non-smokers, and patients with diabetes mellitus. Some findings showed positive aspects, but differences according to socioeconomic status evidenced lack of equity in care