Evaluation of potential carbon dioxide sequestration and enhanced oil recovery in the Northern Malay Basin area

The topic of climate change has been increasingly debated around the world as of date. One of the main causes of climate change is the increase in global warming, which is directly caused by the rise in the amount greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, which mostly comprises of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. One of the ways in order to lessen the amount of CO2 gas in the atmosphere is through CO2 sequestration. This study aims to evaluate the potential of CO2 sequestration in the Malay Basin. By utilizing a set of field data and a static model that is obtained from previous studies of Field N in the Northern Malay Basin Area, a reservoir simulation dynamic modelling is done by using the Roxar-Tempest VIEW™ ver. 8.3 software. The main objectives of the simulation are to determine the amount of gas that can be stored in Field N in the Northern Malay Basin area through the CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery (CO2–EOR) process using dynamic modelling, and also to determine the amount of oil production in Field N using the CO2–EOR process using dynamic modelling. The outcome of this research are as follows; i) The amount of CO2 gas that can be stored in Field N through CO2 injection process is about 137 Mscf; (ii) The total amount of oil production of Field N through the process of CO2–EOR ranges from 190 MMstb to 230 MMstb; (iii) The amount of oil production through the process of CO2–EOR has an increment of about more than 20% as compared to both the natural depletion and water injection simulation; and (iv) As the gas injection rate increases, the amount of CO2 gas that can be stored also increases. It was deduced that for the CO2–EOR process, the injected CO2 gas behaves in a way that it follows the multiple contact miscibility process, in which that it sweeps the residual oil towards the producing wells

Degradasi Larutan Pewarna Azo Tekstil Menggunakan Sistem Heterogenan O3, O3/UL, O3/TIO2/UL DAN O3/H2O2/UL

Rawatan larutan pewarna azo tekstil, Sumifix Supra Blue BRF 150% Gran (SSBBRF) melibatkan sistem yang berbeza, O3, O3/UL, O3/TiO2/UL dan O3/H2O2/UL telah dikaji. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa degradasi larutan SSBBRF melalui sistem pengoksidaan berasaskan ozon adalah lebih efektif berbanding dengan sistem pemangkinanfoto. Darjah degradasi keserapan dan warna yang tinggi serta degradasi COD dan TOC yang ketara, menunjukkan bahawa sistem pengoksidaan yang berasaskan ozon berupaya memecahkan pewarna azo dalam air tercemar kepada spesies yang lebih terbiorawat. Keputusan yang diperoleh juga menunjukkan bahawa sistem pengozonan (O3 sahaja dalam keadaan gelap), dan sistem gandingan pengozonanfotopemangkinanfoto (O3/TiO2/UL) tidak menunjukkan perbezaan kadar degradasi pewarna azo yang ketara berbanding sistem pengozonanfoto (O3/UL) tetapi penambahan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) ke dalam sistem O3/UL mampu meningkatkan lagi kadar degradasi pewarna azo. Perbandingan keupayaan sistem yang dikaji bagi degradasi pewarna SSBBRF adalah mengikut urutan: O3/H2O2/UL > O3/UL > O3/TiO2/UL > O3 > TiO2/UL. Proses pendegradasian pewarna SSBBRF mematuhi kinetik tindak balas tertib pertama pseudo dengan nilai pemalar kadar, k, dari julat 0.20 min–1 hingga 0.24 min–1 untuk 20 minit yang pertama

Influential factors on the levels of cation exchange capacity in sediment at Langat river.

An exploratory study was carried out at 22 sampling stations along the Langat River, Selangor in order to investigate on the vitality of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in sediment (0–5 cm). Parameters such as pH, Eh, salinity, and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The CEC in sediment has been calculated by the determination of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and K+ using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while the organic matter content in sediment was ascertained using the loss on ignition method. The characteristic of the sediment shows that pH (3.09–7.46), salinity (0.02–10.71 ppt), EC (3.39–517 μS/cm) and Eh (−16.20–253.10 mV) were substantially high in variation. This study also revealed that exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were controlled by organic matter contents, while exchangeable Na+ and K+ were influenced by salinity. Salinity was observed to play a major part in controlling all the exchangeable cations, as it gives strong significant correlations with Na+, K+, Mg2+, CEC, and organic matter at p < 0.01. The presence of seawater, clay mineralogy, and organic matter proves that it does play an important role in determining the CEC and soon relates to the pollution magnitude in the sediment

Elemental hydrochemistry assessment on its variation and quality status in Langat River, Western Peninsular Malaysia.

This paper discusses the hydrochemistry variation and its quality status in Langat River, based on the chemistry of major ions, metal concentrations and suitability for drinking purposes. Water samples were collected from 30 different stations to assess their hydrochemical characteristics. The physico-chemical parameters selected were temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen , pH, redox potential, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, Ca, Na, K, Mg, 27Al, 138Ba, 9Be, 111Cd, 59Co, 63Cu, 52Cr, 57Fe, 55Mn, 60Ni, 208Pb, 80Se and 66Zn to investigate the variation of the constituents in the river water. Most of the parameters comply with the Drinking Water Quality Standard of the World Health Organization and the Malaysian National Standard for Drinking Water Quality by the Malaysia Ministry of Health except for EC, TDS, Cl, HCO3, SO4, Na, Mg, Al, Fe and Se. The results show that the Langat River is unsuitable for drinking purposes directly without treatment

River water quality assessment using environmentric techniques : case study of Jakara River Basin.

akara River Basin has been extensively studied to assess the overall water quality and to identify the major variables responsible for water quality variations in the basin. A total of 27 sampling points were selected in the riverine network of the Upper Jakara River Basin. Water samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed for physicochemical variables. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship of water quality parameters and revealed a significant relationship between salinity, conductivity with dissolved solids (DS) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrogen in form of ammonia (NH4). Partial correlation analysis (r p) results showed that there is a strong relationship between salinity and turbidity (r p = 0.930, p = 0.001) and BOD5 and COD (r p = 0.839, p = 0.001) controlling for the linear effects of conductivity and NH4, respectively. Principal component analysis and or factor analysis was used to investigate the origin of each water quality parameter in the Jakara Basin and identified three major factors explaining 68.11 % of the total variance in water quality. The major variations are related to anthropogenic activities (irrigation agricultural, construction activities, clearing of land, and domestic waste disposal) and natural processes (erosion of river bank and runoff). Discriminant analysis (DA) was applied on the dataset to maximize the similarities between group relative to within-group variance of the parameters. DA provided better results with great discriminatory ability using eight variables (DO, BOD5, COD, SS, NH4, conductivity, salinity, and DS) as the most statistically significantly responsible for surface water quality variation in the area. The present study, however, makes several noteworthy contributions to the existing knowledge on the spatial variations of surface water quality and is believed to serve as a baseline data for further studies. Future research should therefore concentrate on the investigation of temporal variations of water quality in the basin

Surface water quality contamination source apportionment and physicochemical characterization at the upper section of the Jakara Basin, Nigeria.

The present study investigates the surface water quality of three important tributaries of Jakara Basin, northwestern Nigeria to provide an overview of the relationship and sources of physicochemical and biological parameters. A total of 405 water samples were collected from 27 sampling points and analyzed for 13 parameters: dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3NL), dissolved solids (DS), total solids (TS), nitrates (NO3), chloride (Cl), phosphates (PO4), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and fecal coliform bacteria (FCB). Pearson’s product–moment correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to distinguish the main pollution sources in the basin. Four varimax components were extracted from PCA, which explained 84.86, 83.60, and 78.69 % of the variation in the surface water quality for Jakara, Tsakama, and Gama-Kwari Rivers, respectively. Strong positive loading included BOD5, COD, NH3NL, E. coli, and FCB with negative loading on DO attribute to a domestic waste water pollution source. One-way ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean of the three water bodies (p > 0.05). It is therefore recommended that the government should be more effective in controlling the point source of pollution in the area

Assessment of bioavailability and human health exposure risk to heavy metals in surface soils (Klang district, Malaysia)

© 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. In urban area surface soil the heavy metal concentrations followed the order: Pb (76.15 mg/kg) > Fe (12.96 mg/kg) > Cu (11.58 mg/kg) > Al (10.3 mg/kg) > Zn (6.42 mg/kg) > Co (0.21 mg/kg) > Cd (0.18 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg). For the industrial area surface soil, heavy metal concentrations followed the sequence: Pb (55.28 mg/kg) > Al (15.5 mg/kg) > Fe (14.73 mg/kg)> Cu (14.68 mg/kg) > Zn (4.48 mg/kg) > Co (0.26 mg/kg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) > Cd (0.11 mg/kg). PCA output showed that the first and second principal components are attributed due to the presence of “urban metals” in the urban areas while third principal component reflects the anthropogenic factor in the industrial areas. Total Cancer Risk values are more than the incremental lifetime (1.0E − 05), showing the likelihood of a cancer threat for adults and children. For non-carcinogenic risks, Hazard Index values <1 one indicating no potential risks

Climate change and sustainable management of the rivers system with special reference to the Brahmaputra river

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges and likely to have significant impact on the hydrology. Due to the increase in urbanization, industrialization and climate change, availability and requirement scenario of freshwater have been changing. Water availability and water security are becoming more uncertain through changes in temperature and precipitation, shifts in the timing and intensity of the monsoon, increased frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods and accelerated melting of the Himalayan glaciers resulting in changes in short- and long-term runoff, snow cover and melting. The Brahmaputra River basin is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world as it is subject to the combined effects of glacier melt, extreme monsoon rainfall and sea level rise. For years, the river has been serving as one of the most important freshwater resources for agriculture, irrigation, transportation and electricity and habitat for aquatic organisms in the north-eastern India. People residing along its banks are heavily dependent on the river for their livelihood, thus making them a highly vulnerable riverine community. As climate change is a major concern, we should reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and develop effective management strategy for freshwater resource. Climate change adds uncertainty in controlling core issues of water management due to lack of capacity to address climate change. Therefore to address this problem, we need resilient institutions. At the same time, we need political process, involvement of diverse array of actors and foreign policies of riparian countries for transboundary water management.by Pallavi Das and Manish Kuma