CIVIC LEARNING IN ONLINE COURSES: THE EXPERIENCE OF EMERGING ADULTS AT THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Civic learning is an important part of the mission of higher learning. The community college is a unique and integral part of the system of higher education in the United States. Digital technology has increased the options for students to take classes at a distance in a fully online format. Many of the students in online classes at the community college are in a life stage known as emerging adulthood. While there has been considerable research on each of the four topics of civic learning, the community college, emerging adulthood, and online learning, there remains a substantial gap in the literature where these topics intersect. Instructors, administrators, and designers of online courses need more information with which to best plan and deliver civic learning opportunities to emerging adults in online classes at the public community college. Qualitative research is an appropriate methodology for areas of study with little extant literature. This study used the phenomenological method in order to better understand how emerging adults enrolled in asynchronous online classes at the public community college perceive civic responsibility, civic engagement, and the experience of civic learning in their online classes. The study produced findings that highlighted the importance of respect for diversity, civil discourse, nurturing of a social learning community and instructor presence. Implications for an online pedagogy to promote civic learning are included

Signal processing based method for modeling and solving inverse scattering problems

A mature and difficult problem, still preoccupying many research communities in different application areas, is the recovery of a quantitative image of some unknown penetrable strongly scattering object. In most fields, such as ground penetrating radar, seismic and medical applications, the problem is compounded by the availability of only limited angle and noisy data. One of the more common approximate solution methods is based on diffraction tomography that relies on the first Born approximation method, which limits applications to weakly scattering situations. More sophisticated methods are typically iterative in nature, computationally intense and may not converge. We have studied an alternative nonlinear filtering approach and developed a new way to implement it, as well as evaluating different filter functions to find an optimal form. We have applied this approach to a number of classes of objects and developed a user- friendly scattered field simulator as a resource for this and related inverse scattering problems. We also re-investigated the widely accepted limitations of the first Born approximation and found that when close to a scattering resonance, the first Born approximation can yield a good estimate of the object’s scattering cross section. Tied to all of these imaging applications is the issue of limited data: how many sources and how many receivers are required for a given quality and reliability of the resulting image. We took a fundamental look at this issue in terms of the number of degrees of freedom of the entire source-measurement domain and deduced clear guidelines on the minimum data sets necessary that should be measured, in order to expect a reasonable image

An examination of the institutional character and organizational ethos at Seventh-Day Adventist colleges in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine the institutional character and organizational ethos at Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) colleges in the United States. Given the problem of a scarcity of published information about SDA colleges, this study has served to investigate an otherwise un-researched facet of American higher education. Six Seventh-day Adventist colleges participated in this study. A modified version of the Institutional Functioning Inventory (I.F.I.), which utilized six of its scales, was used for collecting data. The survey instrument was presented to 528 faculty members at the six colleges and 245 responses were received. A college's institutional mean score on the I.F.I, scales was the basis for the description of the institutional culture of each participating college. An ANOVA was performed, designating each college as the independent variable and each I.F.I. scale, in turn, as a dependent variable. The findings allow for certain generalizations to be made about SDA colleges. The participants, collectively, scored very high on measures of faculty morale and commitment to a shared sense of purpose while, at the same time, faculty reported generally low levels of personal and academic freedom. There was a generally high level of concern for undergraduate learning with the academic environments reported to be modestly interesting places for work and study

DADOS-Survey: an open-source application for CHERRIES-compliant Web surveys

BACKGROUND: The Internet has been increasingly utilized in biomedical research. From online searching for literature to data sharing, the Internet has emerged as a primary means of research for many physicians and scientists. As a result, Web-based surveys have been employed as an alternative to traditional, paper-based surveys. We describe DADOS-Survey, an open-source Web-survey application developed at our institution that, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to be compliant with the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). DADOS-Survey was designed with usability as a priority, allowing investigators to design and execute their own studies with minimal technical difficulties in doing so. RESULTS: To date, DADOS-Survey has been successfully implemented in five Institutional Review Board-approved studies conducted by various departments within our academic center. Each of these studies employed a Web-survey design as their primary methodology. Our initial experience indicates that DADOS-Survey has been used with relative ease by each of the investigators and survey recipients. This has been further demonstrated through formal and field usability testing, during which time suggestions for improvement were incorporated into the software design. CONCLUSION: DADOS-Survey has the potential to have an important role in the future direction of Web-survey administration in biomedical research. This CHERRIES-compliant application is tailored to the emerging requirements of quality data collection in medicine

HLA haplotypes associated with hemochromatosis mutations in the Spanish population

BACKGROUND: The present study is an analysis of the frequencies of HLA-A and -B antigens and HLA haplotypes in two groups of individuals homozygous for the two main HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D) and a group heterozygous for the S65C mutation. METHODS: The study population includes: 1123 healthy individuals, 100 homozygous for the C282Y mutation, 138 homozygous for the H63D mutation and 17 heterozygous for the S65C mutation. HFE and HLA alleles were detected using DNA-based and microlymphocytotoxicity techniques respectively. RESULTS: An expected significant association between C282Y and the HLA-A3/B7 haplotype was found, but other HLA haplotypes carrying the -A3 antigen were found: HLA-A3/B62 and HLA-A3/B44. Also, a significant association between H63D mutation and HLA-A29/B44 haplotype was found, and again other HLA haplotypes carrying the HLA-A29 antigen were also found: HLA-A29/B14 and HLA-A29/B62. In addition, the S65C mutation seems to be associated with a HLA haplotype carrying the HLA-A26 antigen. CONCLUSION: These findings clearly suggest that HLA-A3/B7 and HLA-A29/B44 are the ancestral haplotypes from which the C282Y and H63D mutations originated, respectively. The frequencies of these mutations in different populations, their geographical distribution, and the degree of the statistical association to the ancestral haplotypes, suggest that the H63D mutation must have occurred earlier than the C282Y mutation

Knee complaints vary with age and gender in the adult population. Population-based reference data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)

BACKGROUND: Self-reported knee complaints may vary with age and gender. Reference data from the adult population would help to better interpret the outcome of interventions due to knee complaints. The objectives of the present study were to describe the variation of self-reported knee pain, function and quality of life with age and gender in the adult population and to establish population-based reference data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). METHODS: Population-based cohort retrieved from the national population register. The knee-specific Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was mailed to 840 subjects aged 18–84 yrs. RESULTS: 68% response rate. Women in the age group 55–74 reported more knee-related complaints in all the KOOS subscales than age-matched men. The differences were significant for the subscales Pain (p = 0.027), Symptoms (p = 0.003) and ADL function (p = 0.046). In men, worse ADL and Sport and Recreation function was seen in the oldest age group 75–84 years compared to the younger age groups (p < 0.030). In women, worse Pain (p < 0.007), ADL (p < 0.030), Sport and Recreation (p < 0.001) and QOL (p < 0.002) were seen already in the age group 55–74 compared to the younger age groups. CONCLUSION: We found pain and other symptoms, physical function, and knee-related quality of life to vary with age and gender implying the use of age- and gender matched reference values for improved understanding of the outcome after interventions due to knee injury and knee OA

Substance abuse treatment client experience in an employed population: results of a client survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding client perspectives on treatment is increasingly recognized as key to improving care. Yet information on the perceptions and experiences of workers with private insurance coverage who receive help for substance use conditions is relatively sparse, particularly in managed behavioral health care organization (MBHO) populations. Furthermore, the role of several factors including prior service use has not been fully explored.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Employees covered by a large MBHO who had received substance abuse services in the past year were surveyed (146 respondents completed the telephone survey and self-reported service use).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The most common reasons for entering treatment were problems with health; home, family or friends; or work. Prior treatment users reported more reasons for entering treatment and more substance use-related work impairment. The majority of all respondents felt treatment helped a lot or some. One quarter reported getting less treatment than they felt they needed.</p> <p>Discussion and conclusions</p> <p>Study findings point to the need to tailor treatment for prior service users and to recognize the role of work in treatment entry and outcomes. Perceived access issues may be present even among insured clients already in treatment.</p