DIFFERENCES IN BODY IMAGE, SELF-ESTEEM, AND RESPONSE TO TEASING BASED ON GENDER

The current study investigated the differences in body image, self-esteem,and response to teasing based on gender in a predominantly African American sample. Participants included 50 college age students from South Carolina State University. Participants were group administered a demographics information sheet, the Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale(MBSRQ-AS; Cash, 2000), the Multidimensional Self Esteem Inventory (MSEI;O'Brien & Epstein, 1988), a Negative Verbal Commentary Scenario, and the Physical Appearance Related Teasing Scale (PARTS; Thompson, Fabian,Moulton, Dunn, & Altabe, 1991). Three separate Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVAs) was conducted. Results indicated no significant difference on the Appearance Evaluation and Appearance Orientation Scales. However,there was a significant difference for the Body Areas Satisfaction and Overweight Preoccupation Scale, with the males scoring higher than females. Also there was a significant difference on the Self-Classified Weight Scales, with females scoring higher than males. The results indicated that the females scored higher than the males on the Global Self Esteem Scale, Competence, Personal Power, Body Appearance, Body Functioning, and Identity Formation. Females scored lower than males on Defensive Self-enhancement. There were no Significant differences found on measures of the impact of teasing. Exploratory analyses,limitations, and implications for future research will be discussed in the paper

Children at risk : the need for preschool intervention programs for North Carolina's schools

This research examines the need for a public preschool program for children who are at risk of school failure in North Carolina. There are some data available that there exists a growing need in our state for a publicly supported preschool intervention program for high risk preschoolers. High risk being defined as children who enter school with a predisposition for difficulties in the elementary grades and in high school. Based on this assumption, the study investigated: 1) the current extent of the problem of high risk children in our state, 2) what is currently being done to meet the needs of high risk children in the public sector statewide, 3) described and analyzed the results of earlier preschool intervention projects nationwide to determine the effects on the participants, 4) demonstrated that additional preschool intervention programs for high risk children in North Carolina would be cost effective, and 5) suggested future program directions and concerns for North Carolina

Effectiveness of a computer assisted instruction program for teaching consumer credit to secondary home economics students

The purposes of this study were to develop and field test a microcomputer program, to determine whether students learned more using the software than from reading similar material, and to examine relationships between amount of information learned and four selected variables. A sample of 68 pupils divided into experimental and control groups was selected randomly from a population of secondary home economics students. Instruments developed for this study included a 17-item knowledge test used as pretest, posttest, and second posttest a week later and two questionnaires with Likert-type scales intended to assess student attitudes toward computers and familiarity with computers. Responses indicated that experimental group participants strongly agreed or agreed that computers are useful, that knowing about computers can be helpful when seeking employment, that computer games are exciting, and that computers can be used for teaching. Most students in the experimental group did not use computers at home or school to any great extent

Economic aspects of a selected group of tenth and eleventh grade dropouts

This study of a group of selected tenth and eleventh grade dropouts had as objectives: to determine occupational classification and job remuneration, to identify self-interpreted reasons for dropping out of school, to determine whether and what training had been received, to identify relationships that seemed to exist between amount of schooling and further training and income change, to determine whether these dropouts believed that lack of a high school diploma had limited them, and to determine whether there had been a high incidence of these school dropouts in the economically deprived areas of their home community. Ninety-one per cent of the males and 67 per cent of the females were employed at the time of interview. Highest incidences of employment were in machine trades, clerical and sales, and in miscellaneous occupations. Seventy-five per cent of the respondents had held three or more principal jobs since the initial drop out (approximately three years)

FACTORS RELATED TO THE USE OF PLAY THERAPY AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COUNSELORS

The purpose of this study was to examine variables that are related to elementary school counselors’ use of play therapy in the elementary school setting. The specific variables explored were age, years of experience, workshop hours, graduate coursework, supervision in play therapy, school counselor self-efficacy, and perceived effectiveness using play therapy. The use or non-use of play therapy was the dependent variable in the study. A survey was sent to a total of 2,500 American School Counselor Association members that fit the criteria of currently practicing elementary school counselors, and 192 participants were included in this research study. All questions of variables were gathered from the participant’s self-report responses on the survey. Correlations and a logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. The findings indicated there were statistically significant correlations among the predictor variables of age, years of experience, workshop hours, graduate coursework, self-efficacy as a school counselor, and perceived effectiveness using play therapy. In addition, in the final logistic regression model, perceived effectiveness was a significant predictor of the use of play therapy among elementary school counselors

Studies on the rates of ring closure of alpha-omega chlorohydrins with alkali hydroxides

Kinetic studies were carried out to investigate a possible metallic cation effect on the rate of dehydrohalogenation of alpha-omega chlorohydrins. The rate constants obtained for 2-chloroethanol with alkali hydroxides in 62.5 % dioxane—37.5% H20 at 0° C did not reveal a significant effect although the trend proceeded in the expected direction. While testing for more favorable reaction conditions it was found that the order of ease of reaction for 2-chloroethanol in several aprotic solvents is DMS0 > Dioxane > THF > DMF. The order of the rate of ring closure as a function of ring size was investigated and found to be 3 > 5 > 4 > 7

Paraprofessional Library Conference

Presented by Dr. Juanita Midgette Spence, Director of Library Services, ECSUMary Jordan, Technical Services Librarian, ECSUCynthia Horne Wise, Circulation Librarian, ECS

Can asthma control be improved by understanding the patient's perspective?

Clinical trials show that asthma can be controlled in the majority of patients, but poorly controlled asthma still imposes a considerable burden. The level of asthma control achieved reflects the behaviour of both healthcare professionals and patients. A key challenge for healthcare professionals is to help patients to engage in self-management behaviours with optimal adherence to appropriate treatment. These issues are particularly relevant in primary care, where most asthma is managed. An international panel of experts invited by the International Primary Care Respiratory Group considered the evidence and discussed the implications for primary care practice

Factors influencing quality of life following lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a systematic review of the literature

Background: The majority of lower limb amputations are undertaken in people with peripheral arterial occlusive disease,\ud and approximately 50% have diabetes. Quality of life is an important outcome in lower limb amputations; little is known\ud about what influences it, and therefore how to improve it.\ud Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the factors that influence quality of life after lower limb\ud amputation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease.\ud Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched to identify\ud articles that quantitatively measured quality of life in those with a lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial occlusive\ud disease. Articles were quality assessed by two assessors, evidence tables summarised each article and a narrative\ud synthesis was performed.\ud Study design: Systematic review.\ud Results: Twelve articles were included. Study designs and outcome measures used varied. Quality assessment scores\ud ranged from 36% to 92%. The ability to walk successfully with a prosthesis had the greatest positive impact on quality\ud of life. A trans-femoral amputation was negatively associated with quality of life due to increased difficulty in walking\ud with a prosthesis. Other factors such as older age, being male, longer time since amputation, level of social support and\ud presence of diabetes also negatively affected quality of life.\ud Conclusion: Being able to walk with a prosthesis is of primary importance to improve quality of life for people with lower\ud limb amputation due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease. To further understand and improve the quality of life of this\ud population, there is a need for more prospective longitudinal studies, with a standardised outcome measure

“You have to change your whole life”: a qualitative study of the dynamics of treatment adherence among adults with tuberculosis in the United Kingdom

Karina Kielmann - ORCID: 0000-0001-5519-1658 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-1658Aaron S. Karat - ORCID: 0000-0001-9643-664X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-664XVoR deposited 2021-04-13.Maintaining adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is essential if the disease is to be eliminated. As part of formative research to develop an intervention to improve adherence, we documented the lived experiences of adults receiving anti-TB treatment (ATT) in three UK cities and examined how personal, social, and structural circumstances interacted to impact on individuals’ adherence to treatment. Using a topic guide that explored social circumstances and experiences of TB care, we conducted in-depth interviews with 18 adults (six women) who were being or had been treated for TB (patients) and four adults (all women) who were caring for a friend, relative, or partner being treated for TB (caregivers). We analysed transcripts using an adapted framework method that classified factors affecting adherence as personal, social, structural, health systems, or treatment-related. Eleven of 18 patients were born outside the UK (in South, Central, and East Asia, and Eastern and Southern Africa); among the seven who were UK-born, four were Black, Asian, or Minority Ethnic and three were White British. TB and its treatment were often disruptive: in addition to debilitating symptoms and side effects of ATT, participants faced job insecurity, unstable housing, stigma, social isolation, worsening mental health, and damaged relationships. Those who had a strong support network, stable employment, a routine that could easily be adapted, a trusting relationship with their TB team, and clear understanding of the need for treatment reported finding it easier to adhere to ATT. Changes in circumstances sometimes had dramatic effects on an individual’s ability to take ATT; participants described how the impact of certain acute events (e.g., the onset of side effects or fatigue, episodes of stigmatisation, loss of income) were amplified by their timing or through their interaction with other elements of the individual’s life. We suggest that the dynamic and fluctuating nature of these factors necessitates comprehensive and regular review of needs and potential problems, conducted before and during ATT; this, coupled with supportive measures that consider (and seek to mitigate) the influence of social and structural factors, may help improve adherence.This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme, UK grant number 16/88/06.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2021.10023323pubpu