Some virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of healthy Alagoas Curassows (Pauxi mitu) in Brazil

Birds of the Cracidae family (curassows, guans, and chachalacas) are endemic of the Neotropics and 50 species are currently classified. Brazil has 22 species, seven of which are considered threatened. The Alagoas Curassow (Pauxi mitu) species is considered extinct in the wild; but about 120 birds are alive in captivity. Conservation of this species depends entirely on correct management. Health reports of both wildlife and captive curassows are rare. In this study the presence of Escherichia coli was evaluated in 23 healthy Alagoas Curassows from two private breeding centres. E. coli was isolated from cloacal swabs, and the presence of genes encoding cytotoxic necrotising factor 1 (cnf1), alpha-haemolysin (hly), aerobactin (iuc), serum resistance (iss) and the following adhesions: S fimbriae (sfa), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap) and temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin (tsh) were investigated. E. coli was isolated from 78.3% (18/23) of the birds, and the percentage of curassows colonized by E. coli was similar between the two facilities. From the 22 E. coli isolates, 15 (68.2%) were positive for at least one virulence factor by PCR, and the most frequently found gene was iss (50%). No curassows had clinical signs of disease. Nevertheless, the presence of some E. coli strains may be a concern to the wildlife in captivity. Additional health surveillance studies are essential to guarantee successful conservation programmes for threatened cracids in Brazil

Distorções conceituais dos atributos do som presentes nas sínteses dos textos didáticos: aspectos físicos e fisiológicos

As pesquisas em ensino têm mostrado que os livros didáticos exibem uma tendência reducionista e, ao mesmo tempo, distorcida na apresentação dos diversos conteúdos da física clássica. Com base na busca de distorções desta natureza, centramos nossa investigação na catalogação e análise das apresentações das qualidades fisiológicas do som por textos didáticos do ensino fundamental e médio. Em tal pesquisa constatamos, no processo de transposição didática, distorções conceituais sob vários aspectos, existindo ainda uma forte negligência no tratamento dos aspectos fisiológicos presentes na apresentação dos conceitos de altura, intensidade e timbre