Estimation of Stature from Arm Span in Medical Students of Maharashtra, India

Background: Stature can be estimated from body parameters in dead and mutilated bodies using regression equation or multiplication factor. However, regression equations and multiplication factors are specific for the region only and canft be used in all population.  Aim: To formulate regression equation and multiplication factor for the estimation of stature from arm span (AS) for a region in Maharashtra, India. Subjects and Methods: It was a cross.sectional study, did over a period of 2 years, from October 2011 to September 2013. Four hundred students of three Government medical colleges of Maharashtra, aged 18.24 years were enrolled in the study. Stature and AS were measured and subjected to statistical analysis. Unpaired t.test and simple linear regression were used. Results: Stature and AS of 400 medical students (219 males and 181 females) were measured. Subjects were divided into six groups depending upon age. Simple regression equation and multiplication factor for male and female and for each age group were derived for estimation of stature. We found correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89 in male and 0.90 in female using simple regression, which shows strong correlation between stature and AS.Conclusion: Mean stature and AS of male were more than female with statistical significance. Stature can be accurately estimated from AS using simple regression equation or multiplication factor.Keywords: Arm span, Simple regression, Statur

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Not AvailableSpent mushroom substrate (SMS), a major byproduct of the mushroom industry, is a lignocellulosic biomass, which contains approximately 57–74.3% of holocellulose fraction. This study was aimed at utilizing SMS of Pleurotus florida for recovery of lignocellulolytic enzymes and sugars and also as a substrate for production of cellulolytic enzymes using different isolates of Trichoderma and Aspergillus under solid‐state fermentation (SSF). SMS of P. florida extracts contained significant amounts of laccase (3,015.8 ± 29.5 U/g SMS) and xylanase (1,187.9 ± 12 U/g SMS) activity. Crystallinity pattern and chemical changes in SMS revealed that SMS had a lower crystallinity index (34.2%) as compared with the raw biomass (37.8%), which, in turn, helps in enhancing the accessibility of cellulolytic enzymes to holocellulose. Among the isolates, Trichoderma longibrachiatum A‐01 showed maximum activity of endoglucanase (220.4 ± 5.9 U/mg), exoglucanase (78.5 ± 3.2 U/mg) and xylanase (1,550.4 ± 11.6 U/mg) while Aspergillus aculeatus C‐08 showed maximum activity of cellobiase (113.9 ± 3.9 U/mg). Extraction with sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8) showed maximum cellulolytic enzyme activity as compared with other solvents tested. Partial purification of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase, and cellobiase resulted in 56.3% (1,112.5 U/mg), 48.4% (212.5 U/mg), 44% (4,492.3 U/mg), and 62% (705.0 U/mg) yield with an increase by 5.2‐, 4.5‐, 4.1‐, and 5.0‐fold as compared with crude extract. The results reveal that SMS from P. florida could be a potential and cost‐effective substrate for production of cellulolytic enzymes from T. longibrachiatum A‐01 and A. aculeatus C‐08.Not Availabl

Managing dysfunctional central venous access devices: a practical approach to urokinase thrombolysis.

Tunnelled central venous access devices (CVADs) are defined as any intravenous multipurpose catheters placed within the central veins for use in haemodialysis and administration of blood products or chemotherapy in oncology and haematological conditions. Frequent complications include thrombosis and catheter-related infection, which may lead to significant adverse patient outcomes. Once thrombosis is suspected correction should be attempted empirically with thrombolytic agents. Commonly available thrombolytic agents in the UK include urokinase (Syner-Kinase) and alteplase (Cathflo). It is well recognised that urokinase usage differs widely and concerns were raised by clinicians about the variation of dose regimens nationally. The objective of the CVAD Focus Group was to address this issue and offer guidance in the management of suspected thrombosis of CVAD with urokinase using two algorithms for renal and non-renal dysfunctional CVAD and to audit prospectively the outcomes of intervention

Herbal medicine in diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular diseases

[No abstract available